Foundation of Inclusive and Special Education (Review)

Inclusive education

An ongoing process to provide quality education for all by respecting diversity and eliminating discrimination; a fundamental UNESCO principle and cross-cutting in education work.

Right to education

The principle that every person has a right to education, with full and equal opportunities and a focus on developing human personality and dignity.

SDG 4

Sustainable Development Goal 4; commitment to inclusive, equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all, removing barriers and disparities.

SPED

Special Education; a set of programs and services designed to address the needs of learners with disabilities.

SPED centers

Centers in or near regular schools that provide specialized SPED services for learners with disabilities.

Self-contained class

A separate class for learners with disabilities with moderate to severe needs, focusing on functional and adaptive skills.

Itinerant teaching

A SPED teacher who travels between schools or homes to provide direct services or consultations.

Resource Room

A designated space in a school where LWDs receive targeted instructional support and specialized materials.

Pull-out

A practice where a learner is withdrawn from the regular class for a period to receive specialized instruction.

Inclusion

Full participation of learners with disabilities in the regular classroom with appropriate supports.

Integration/Mainstreaming

Enrollment of a learner with disabilities in a regular class with some support services.

Child Find

Efforts to identify children with disabilities and encourage enrollment in SPED programs.

IEP

Individualized Education Program; a plan detailing goals, supports, and services for a learner with disabilities.

ILRC

Inclusive Learning Resource Center; a center with accessible materials, assessment tools, and professional support.

LWDs

Learners with Disabilities; students with long-term impairments interacting with barriers to participation.

Educational placement

The most appropriate learning setting for a learner with disabilities (full inclusion, partial inclusion, or self-contained) based on needs.

FAPE

Free Appropriate Public Education; ensures an education tailored to the learner’s needs.

LRE

Least Restrictive Environment; placement that allows participation with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent feasible.

RA 10533

Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013; promotes inclusive education and addresses diverse learner needs including ALS.

RA 9710

Magna Carta of Women; ensures equal access and eliminates discrimination in education with gender sensitivity.

RA 10157

Kindergarten Education Act; mandates universal access to compulsory kindergarten education.

RA 9155

Governance of Basic Education Act; establishes the Alternative Learning System for out-of-school youth and adults.

RA 8371

Indigenous Peoples Rights Act; guarantees equal access to education for IPs and rights to education in own language and culture.

RA 7277 / RA 9442

Magna Carta for Disabled Persons; provides educational assistance and supports for persons with disabilities.

RA 10665

Open High School System Act; expands access to secondary education through alternative learning options.

RA 10361

Domestic Workers Act (Batas Kasambahay); ensures access