topic 2 : development indicators

development dynamics

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year

Gross National Product (GNP)

measures the total economic output of a country

GNP per capita

a country’s GNP divided by its population

economic growth

measures the annual (every year) increase in GDP, GNP or GDP per capita

inequality of wealth

the gap in income between a country’s richest and poorest people

inflation

measures how much the prices of goods, services and wages increase each year

what does high inflation suggest?

the governement lacks control over the economy

unemployment

the number of people who cannot find work

economic structure

shows the division of a country’s economy between primary, secondary and tertiary structures

demographics

• studies population growth and stucture

• compares birth rates to death rates, life expectancy and urban and rural ratios

life expectancy

the average age to which a person lives

infant mortality rate

counts the number of babies, per 1000 live births, who die under the age of one

poverty

indices count the percentage of people living below the poverty level, or on very small incomes

access to basic services

the availability of services necessary for a healthy life, such as clean water and sanitation

access to healthcare

takes into account statistics such as how many doctors there are for every patient

risk of disease

calculates the percentage of people with diseases such as AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis

access to education

measures how many people attend primary school, secondary school and higher education.

literacy rate

the percentage of adults who can read and write

access to technology

includes statistics such as the percentage of people with access to phones, television and the internet

male/female equality

compares statistics such as the literacy rates and employment between the two

government spending priorities

compares health and education expenditure with military expenditure and paying off debts

fertility rate

the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime

maternal mortality rate

the annual nummber of deaths of women from pregnancy related causes per 100,000 live births

what is development?

a process that creates growth, progress, positive change or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic components

basically meant: any improvement in the standard of living of people in the country

list all the social factors

• GNP

• GNP per capita

• Inequality of wealth

• Unemployment

• Demographics

• Life expectancy

• Infant mortality rate

• Access to basic services

• Access to healthcare

• Risk of disease

• Access to education

• Literacy rate

• Access to technology

• Male/female equality

• Fertility rate

• Maternal mortality rate

list all the economic factors

• GDP

• economic growth

• inflation

• economic structure

• poverty

list all the political factors

government spending priorities

population pyramid

a bar chart arranged vertically, which shows the distribution of a population by age and sex

how to read a population pyramid?

1. shape of the pyramids

2. highest/lowest age groups

3. reasons for different shapes

Corruption Perceptions Index

a ranking of countries according to percieved levels of corruption

Gini Coefficient

• a way of measuring inequality in a country

• the higher the value of the Gini coefficient, the more unequal the country is

explain one factor that causes the fertility rate to vary so much around the world.

• access to education

• access to healthcare

  etc.