Anatomy and Physiology
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28 Terms
Define anatomy
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
Define physiology
Study of the function of body parts
Gross (macroscopic) anatomy
large, visible structures
Regional anatomy
all structures in one body region
System anatomy
one organ system at a time (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.)
Surface anatomy
looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface)
What is microscopic anatomy?
The study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.
What is cytology?
The microscopic study of cells.
What is histology?
The microscopic study of tissues.
What is histopathology?
The study of diseased tissues under a microscope.
What is developmental anatomy?
The study of anatomical and physiological development throughout life.
What is embryology?
The study of development before birth.
Smallest chemical level to whole organism level
Atoms → Molecules → Macromolecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organism
List the 12 organ systems of the human body.
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic (immune)
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Male reproductive
Female reproductive
What are the main functions of the Integumentary system?
external body coverings, vitamin D synthesis, sensation, and temperature regulation.
What are the main functions of the Skeletal system?
Support, protection, blood cell formation, bones are mineral storage.
What are the main functions of the Muscular system?
Movement, posture, heat production.
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What are the main areas of the Nervous system?
Brain, nerves, and spinal cord
What are the main functions of the Endocrine system?
Hormone regulation of growth, metabolism, reproduction.
What are the main functions of the Cardiovascular system?
Transport of blood, oxygen, nutrients, wastes.
What are the main functions of the Lymphatic (Immune) system?
Fluid return, immune defense, absorption of fats.
Note 
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