FM L8 (Parts of a Research Paper)

Title

it is patterned from the question, however it must contain only the essential words

Title

title of the research should be brief, simple and catchy

Abstract

should consist of short, concise descriptions of the problem and its solution

Abstract

must be one page, single spaced (max: 250 words)

250 words

maximum words in abstract

Abstract

must state the purpose, procedure used, results, conclusion

Acknowledgement

contains the names of people and agencies that helped in the conduct of the work described

Table of Contents

lists the different parts of the whole report with the corresponding page number of each part

Table of Contents

wording and grammar of the chapter titles heading and title of tables and figures should be consistent

Introduction

informs the reader of the problem under study

Introduction

shows the nature of scope and the problem, its historical and theoretical background and a review of literature relevant to the problem

Background of the Study

states the rationale of the study

Background of the Study

explains briefly why the investigator chose that certain study to work on

Background of the Study

present here the research gap

Review of Related Literature

where sufficient background information is presented for readers to understand and evaluate the results of the present study

Review of Related Literature

only the most important theories and studies are chosen to be included in this section

Related Studies

studies, inquiries or investigations already conducted to which the present proposed study is related or has some bearing or similarity

Related Studies

usually unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses, dissertations

Related Literature

composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related

Related Literature

materials usually found in books, encyclopedias, professional journals, magazines, newspapers and other publications

Conceptual or Theoretical Framework

presented in a discussion format with a supporting schematic diagram or model presented as a figure

Conceptual or Theoretical Framework

central theme, main focus of the study

Conceptual or Theoretical Framework

narrative or in a diagram

Statement of the Problem

stated as a question or scientific inquiry

Statement of the Problem

nature and scope of the problem should be presented with clarity

Objectives of the Study

compose of the general and specific objectives of the study

Hypotheses

tentative explanation to a phenomenon

Hypotheses

educated guess

Hypotheses

null and alternative form

Significance of the Study

the importance of the study is explained in this part

Significance of the Study

should convince the panel of evaluators or readers of the importance and usefulness of the results of the study to the concerned stakeholders

Scope and Limitation of the Study

states the coverage and extent of the study

Scope

refers to what will be covered by the investigation or experimentation

Limitation

means limits to area coverage, sampling strategy or sample size, sensitivity and accuracy of instruments, availability of facilities or equipment and monetary considerations and ethical considerations

Definition of Terms

can be operational definition, general definition or both

Conceptual Definition

definitions which are indicated in dictionaries

Operational Definition

definitions based on how the words were used in the study

Research Design

specifies the overall framework and strategy used to integrate the components of the study in a coherent and logical way

Research Design

determines the type of evidence that will be collected and how it will answer the research question

Research Participants

describes the people (or animals) who take part in the study

Research Participants

defines the target population, the sample size, and the criteria and methods used for selecting the sample

Sample Population

includes selection criteria (inclusion/exclusion) and sampling technique (e.g., random, convenience, purposive)

Research Locale

the physical location where the study is conducted

Research Locale

the setting can sometimes influence the data collected

Research Instrument

tools used to measure or collect data relevant to the research variables

Research Instrument

specific measures, surveys, apparatus, or protocols used

Reliability and Validity

crucial concepts for establishing the quality and trustworthiness of the research findings, particularly concerning the research instruments and overall design

Data Gathering Procedure

step-by-step process for collecting the data

Data Gathering Procedure

practical execution of the research design

Data Gathering Procedure

detailed sequence of events: obtaining permissions, recruiting participants, securing consent, administering instruments, and recording data

Data Analysis

describes the statistical or analytical methods used to process and interpret the collected data

Data Analysis

specific statistical tests (quantitative) or analytical techniques (qualitative) applied to the data

Ethical Consideration

addresses how the study protects the rights and well-being of the participants, adhering to professional and institutional ethical guidelines

Ethical Consideration

principles like Informed Consent, Voluntary Participation, Confidentiality/Anonymity, and Debriefing

Results and Discussion

divided into sub sections describing each set of experiment or observation

Results and Discussion

shows the data gathered arranged or presented in tables or graphs

Findings

results obtained after the data collection which may be presented through tables, pictures and graphs but with support of text

Analysis of Data

where the interpretation of the findings are discussed and the significant features shown in the table, figures or graphs are pointed out

Conclusion

where the general truth implied or illustrated by the results are stated

Conclusion

evidence should be summarized

Conclusion

briefly states the immediate answer/findings about the problem

Recommendation

consists of suggestions on future actions such as new direction of research or further experiments to be performed, practices that might be adapted or discarded in order to attain certain goals or objectives

References

list of the references used in guiding the research work and writing the paper

References

APA format

Appendices

documents that should be attached in the study

Appendices

research instruments, data sheets, letter requests, timetable of activities, statistical analysis computation, budgetary requirements of the study