Perfusion and Oxygenation Lecture Review

Perfusion

The process of delivering oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body.

Perfusion -2

How well blood flows to an area of the body

Good perfusion

Tissues are getting enough blood, oxygen, and nutrients

Poor perfusion

Not enough blood is reaching tissues, causing problems

Sign of good perfusion

Warm, pink skin

Oxygenation

The process which involves the uptake of oxygen in the lungs and its delivery to tissues.

Sign of poor perfusion

Cold, pale, or blue skin

Why perfusion is important

Organs need blood to function properly (heart, brain, kidneys)

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.

Neurological System

System that sends signals from the brain to regulate blood circulation.

Pulmonary System

The system involved in gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the bloodstream.

Circulatory System

The system responsible for the transport of blood throughout the body.

Central Perfusion

Perfusion that refers specifically to the blood flow from the heart to the body's tissues.

Peripheral Perfusion

Perfusion that refers to the blood flow to the extremities and tissue outside the main organs.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels where oxygen and nutrient exchange occurs at the cellular level.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A condition where blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage or death to heart tissue.

Thready Pulse

A pulse that is weak and difficult to detect.

Bounding Pulse

A pulse that is strong and forceful.

Temperature Check

A method to assess blood flow in extremities; cold temperatures may indicate insufficient blood flow.

Capillary Refill Time

A test to assess peripheral perfusion; normal refilling is indicated by a quick return to pink color after pressure is applied.

Nutrition

Essential for healing and recovery; protein and albumin are crucial for tissue repair.

Pressure Ulcer

A localized injury to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure, often seen in immobile patients.

Albumin

A protein in the blood that helps maintain oncotic pressure and is important for tissue regeneration.

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs.

Arteriosclerosis

A disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries.

Hypertension

Persistently high blood pressure, which can cause damage to bodily organs.

Essential Hypertension

High blood pressure with no identifiable cause, common in elderly populations.

Secondary Hypertension

High blood pressure that is caused by an identifiable underlying condition.

Vascular Resistance

The resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system.

Clinical Consequences

The potential health complications that can arise from impaired perfusion.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

A blood circulation disorder that reduces blood flow to the limbs.

Varicose Veins

Enlarged veins that can be seen just under the surface of the skin.

Compressions Socks

Elastic stockings that help prevent blood clots by improving circulation.

Fluid Volume Deficit

A condition resulting from a lack of adequate fluids in the body, which can impair perfusion.

Volume Maintenance

Ensuring adequate blood volume to support circulation and organ function.

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

A test that measures how well the lungs are functioning to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Sublingual Medication

Medications placed under the tongue for rapid absorption into the bloodstream.

Clinical Judgment

The process of integrating and applying critical thinking skills to provide safe and effective patient care.

Interdependent Components

The recognized relationships between various physiological systems, such as perfusion and oxygenation.

ABCs

Airway, Breathing, Circulation; crucial priorities in emergency care.

Metabolic Acidosis

A condition where the body produces too much acid or the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.

Assessment

The first step in the nursing process that involves collecting data about the patient.

Diagnosis

Determining the nature and cause of a patient's condition based on assessment data.

Planning

Establishing goals and outcomes for patient care.

Implementation

The process of executing the nursing interventions outlined in the care plan.

Evaluation

Assessing the effectiveness of the implemented interventions.

Pneumonia

An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor oxygenation.

Tissue Hypoxia

A deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

Oxygen Saturation

The percentage of hemoglobin molecules in the blood that are saturated with oxygen.

Signs of Impaired Perfusion

Indicators such as cold extremities, pale skin, and weak pulses.