CLA 1101 - Dates

1050 B.C.

Dorian Greeks settle in southern Greece

900–770 B.C.

Villages merge → formation of Sparta

700 B.C.

Sparta conquers Laconia & Messenia

669 B.C.

Spartan defeat at Hysiae

650–640 B.C.

Second Messenian War

640 B.C.

Lycurgus reforms Spartan system

700–600 B.C.

Athens ruled by Eupatrid aristocrats

594 B.C.

Solon’s reforms (end debt slavery; new class system)

546–527 B.C.

Pisistratus rules Athens

527–510 B.C.

Tyranny of Hippias

510 B.C.

Hippias expelled by Sparta

508 B.C.

Cleisthenes’ reforms (tribes, Council of 500 → isonomia)

600–550 B.C.

Ionian Enlightenment (scientific philosophy begins)

560 B.C.

Lydia captures Ionian inland cities

546 B.C.

Cyrus conquers Lydia & takes Ionia

499–494 B.C.

Ionian Revolt

491 B.C.

Persian ambassadors demand submission

490 B.C.

Battle of Marathon

486 B.C.

Xerxes becomes king

483 B.C.

Silver discovery → Athenian trireme fleet

480 B.C.

Battles of Thermopylae, Artemisium, Salamis

479 B.C.

Battles of Plataea & Mycale

Aftermath

478–477 B.C.

Hellenic League campaigns (Sestos, Byzantium)

467 B.C.

Battle of Eurymedon

478 B.C.

Delian League founded

454 B.C.

Treasury moved to Athens

449 B.C.

Peace of Callias (Persia–Athens)

440 B.C.

Samos Revolt

Age of Pericles

495–429 B.C.

Life of Pericles

461–457 B.C.

Long Walls built

451 B.C.

Citizenship Law (two Athenian parents)

443–429 B.C.

Pericles repeatedly elected strategos

431 B.C.

Archidamian War begins

430 B.C.

Plague in Athens

429 B.C.

Death of Pericles

421 B.C.

Peace of Nicias

415–413 B.C.

Sicilian Expedition

Ionian War

411 B.C.

Oligarchic coup; Alcibiades returns

405 B.C.

Aegospotami: Athenian fleet destroyed

404 B.C.

Athens surrenders

404–403 B.C.

Thirty Tyrants

403 B.C.

Democracy restored

Decline of Sparta & Rise of Thebes

395–387 B.C.

Corinthian War

386 B.C.

King’s Peace

379 B.C.

Boeotian League restored

371 B.C.

Battle of Leuctra (Sparta defeated)

368 B.C.

Liberation of Messenia

362 B.C.

Battle of Mantinea (death of Epaminondas)

359 B.C.

Philip II becomes king

340 B.C.

Philip at war with Athens

338 B.C.

Battle of Chaeronea

336 B.C.

Philip assassinated → Alexander becomes king

VIII. ALEXANDER THE GREAT (334–323 B.C.)

334 B.C.

Battle of Granicus; Siege of Halicarnassus

333 B.C.

Battle of Issus

332 B.C.

Siege of Tyre

332–331 B.C.

Alexander's campaign in Egypt (founds Alexandria)

331 B.C.

Battle of Gaugamela

330–327 B.C.

Bactria & Sogdiana campaigns

326 B.C.

Battle of Hydaspes

324 B.C.

Susa's 90 weddings; Persian military integration

323 B.C.

Alexander dies in Babylon

300–250 B.C.

Rise of Ptolemaic, Seleucid, Antigonid Kingdoms

283–246 B.C.

Peak of Ptolemaic Egypt under Ptolemy II

280 B.C.

Library of Alexandria founded

250 B.C.

Septuagint translation completed