Sustainable Development Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering sustainable development, SDGs, Agenda 21, and related topics.

Sustainable Development

Growth that fulfils present needs without endangering the capacity of future generations to meet their own; reduce pollution and negative effects on the environment; protect mineral riches and investigate alternate energy sources; developing land and construction projects in a way that allows them to create fuel-efficient self-sufficiency patterns, hence having a lesser environmental impact.

Total Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets established by the United Nations

17 goals and 169 targets

Number of agreements in Agenda-21

5

Year Agenda-21 was adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

1992

Human activity causing maximum environmental pollution with regional and global impacts

Industrialization

The Paris Agreement (2015) focuses on

Climate change

Year the United Nations was founded

1945

Options not included in the sustainable development parameters

None of the above

Meaning of Agenda-21

Agenda 21 is a voluntary, non-binding action plan for the Sustainable Development Goals.

Important areas governments must promote action in according to the 2030 Agenda For Sustainable Development (SDGs)

People, planet, prosperity, peace, and collaboration

Year of United Nations Summit in New York City resulting in the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

2015

Number of goals in MDG

8

Decrease in worldwide maternal mortality ratio according to UN Millennium Development Goals Report 2015

45%

MDGs acted as a catalyst and framework for establishing cooperation

Development

MDG is an acronym for

Millennium Development Goals

Economic, Environment and _ constitute sustainable development.

Social

Chaired the Brundtland Commission which presented the Brundtland Report on sustainable development.

Gro Brundtland

Design for sustainability focuses on _ efficiency.

Resource

Design for sustainability is also considered a _ approach.

Contemporary

Design for sustainability aims to reduce the _ impact of design on the environment.

Negative

development questions the need for continuous economic growth in a business-as-usual paradigm.

Inclusive

Social inclusiveness enhances protection for the _.

Poorest

Percentage of the population still living in extreme poverty in the world

11%

Almost one-third of women of reproductive age suffers from _.

Anemia

The proportion of unnourished people is less than _ for North America and developed nations as per reports in 2000-2002 and 2014-2016.

5%

In Bangladesh households headed by women earn on average, of agricultural income of households by men.

Half

Percentage of children under the age of 5 worldwide suffered from stunting in 2020

22%

Globally, HIV incidents among adults aged 15 to 49 declined by _.

24%

The African region carried a disproportionate share of global malaria burden with __ of malaria cases and deaths in 2019.

94%

Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index Increased from average of 45 (out of 100) in 2000 to __ in 2017.

66%

Global adult literacy rate (aged 15 and older) in 2018.

86%

Region that faces biggest challenges in providing schools with basic resources.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Number of years of education gain that COVID-19 has wiped out.

20

EFA acronym

Education for All

In 2019, women held ___ of managerial positions worldwide.

29%

Country ranked the best for gender equality.

Iceland

Global gender pay gap.

23%

Number of billions of people who lack safely managed drinking water as per reports in 2017.

2.2

Number of countries involved in UN-water integrated monitoring initiatives.

30

Number of out of five people who used safely managed sanitation services in 2015.

2

The premise on which the definition of sustainable development was formed

Satisfying the requirements of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations

The criticism of the anthropocentric view of sustainability

It places human needs ahead of the needs of other animals and the environment

The purpose of the SDG index score and SDG dashboard

To indicate how well the targets are currently being implemented

The objective of SDG 2.1

To ensure access to safe and sufficient food for all

How healthy soil benefits farming practices

It reduces the need for pesticides and chemicals

Country that tops the list of SDG implementation with an index score of 85

Sweden

The challenges that developing nations face in achieving SDGs

All of the above

What the SDG index score represent

The overall level of achievement target achieved by a country or region

The implication of the recently introduced indicators for OECD nations in the SDG index ratings

SDG index ratings of some countries have been lowered

Region that has the highest percentage of overweight and wasting among children under age five

Austrailia and New Zeland

Global adult literacy rate in 2018

86%

Region that faces the biggest challenges in providing schools with basic resources

Sub-Saharan Africa

The Spotlight Initiative

An EU/UN partnership focused on eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls

What individuals can do to address gender inequality

All of the above

Current situation regarding access to safe water and sanitation services

4.2 billion people have daily challenges accessing even the most basic of services

Number of people around the world who lack access to electricity

789 million

Meaning of decent work

Work that is productive pays a fair Income and provides security and social protection

What can be done to promote youth employment and decent work for all

Investing in education and training

Why sustained growth in industrialisation is important

All of the above

Why inequality is a threat to long-term social and economic development

It promotes crime, disease and environmental degradation

How much CO2 emissions generated by human activity are absorbed by the ocean

23%

What Impact does ocean heat have on marine ecosystems

It causes widespread marine heatwaves, threatening marine ecosystems.

How much does the ocean-related tourism industry grow per year

US$ 134 billion

What can be done to achieve sustainability in open ocean and deep sea areas

Increased international cooperation to protect vulnerable habitats.

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected past achievements in implementing the SDGs

It has caused achievement to decline by up to 40%

What percentage of the Earth's land area is covered by forests

31%

The impact of zoonotic diseases

They have caused economic losses of more than $100 billion

The importance of collaboration between governments, civil society and communities

To promote inclusive participation and reduce violence

How many killings and enforced disappearances were recorded by the United Nations from 2015 to 2019

1,940 killings and 106 enforced disappearances

What is the current state of support for implementing the SDGs

Steady but fragile

The three categories of SDGs are economy, society, and _.

Environment

The linkage of the triple bottom line, the hierarchy of human needs, and the different types of capital are, by the _, a powerful sustainability paradigm.

Daly Triangle

Nested interdependencies of SDGs are earth's life support system, society, and _.

Economy

___ in 2015 provides a new global framework for funding sustainable development.

Adids Ababa Action Agenda

According to the UN, the world economy could barely recover from its loss of _ in 2020.

-4.3%

_ million full-time employment were lost in 2020.

114

The region's most declined average annual GDP per capita growth is in _ for 2020-2022.

Latin America and the Caribbean

Global investment trends show a decline for the year ____ and 2020.

2009

The most significant decline in investment growth in developed countries is by _ in 2020.

United Kingdom

MDB stands for _, which supports sustainable development in multiple ways and forums.

Multilateral Development Bank

Solution implemented to address the challenge of access to clean energy in rural areas of Bangladesh

Providing microfinance loans to rural households to purchase solar home systems.

Three main elements of the FfD initiative

Mobilising domestic resources, mobilising international resources, and enhancing the enabling environment for sustainable development financing.

Areas that the GEF provides funding for

Biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and adaptation, chemicals and waste management, land degradation and sustainable forest management, and international waters management.

SDG has India achieved near-universal coverage of food security programs

SDG 2: Zero Hunger

India's expected annual growth rate through 2025

Over 7%

Not an iconic green building in India

National Museum of India in Kolkata

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

A policy framework developed by the Government of India to address climate change

Not one of the National Missions outlined in the NAPCC

National Mission for Sustainable Tourism

When was NITI Aayog established, and why

2015, to replace the Planning Commission and involve state governments in economic policy-making

One of the challenges faced in implementing the SDGS in India

Lack of coordination and cooperation among different levels of government

A potential consequence of climate change

Increase in frequency of natural disasters

Human activity that is a major contributor to climate change

Burning fossil fuels

Importance of green spaces in urban areas

They help in reducing pollution

Significance of renewable energy resources

They have zero impact on the environment

Importance of managing forests responsibly

To protect the environment and maintain a balance

Importance of the partnership in achieving the SDGs

The exchange of ideas, technologies, materials, and resources can help achieve the goals.

Significance of the interconnectedness of the SDGs

Each goal is essential to work together in a system.

Why is it important to use renewable energy resources with zero impact

To reduce the overall impact on the environment

Importance of mass rapid transportation systems

All of the above

How did COVID-19 impact the education system

All of the above