Lecture 6 CSF Intro to Cells

Prokaryotic Cells L&F

Lack membrane-bound nucleus, smaller than eukaryotic cells. Has plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, RNA, protein, ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cells L&F

Have membrane-bound organelles, and generally larger than prokaryotic cells. Has plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, RNA, protein, ribosomes

Cytoplasm L&F (what it includes)

Cytoplasm is everything inside the plasma membrane but not the nucleus, includes cytosol, nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes

Cytosol L&F

Liquid part of cytoplasm, contains water, ions, ATP, lipids, proteins

Endomembrane System L&F

Intergrates with plasma membrane, function is to package, label, and ship molecules

Plasma Membrane L&F

Is a selectively permeable membrane, made upon of double phospholipids with embedded proteins, hydrophobic lipid tails, hydrophilic polar heads

Plasmamembrane Proteins (Integral Proteins) L&F

Proteins embedded in the membrane, they mediate movement of hydrophilic substances, functions include transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition. Also they are often Amphiatic

Transmembrane proteins - Integral protein that span over the entire membrane

Plasmamembrane Prtoeins (Peripheral Proteins) L&F

Associated with membrane but not embedded in it, function is mediation of movement of hydrophilic substances, transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction,intercellular joining. Often Amphiatic

Nucleus L&F

Is protected with a double lipid bilayer aka nuclear envelope, entry and exit regulated by nuclear pores which helps with molecular segregation = temporal and spatial control of cell function. Protects DNA, makes RNA

Nucleolus L&F

rRNA production occurs here, swell as assembly of small and large subunits of ribosomes

DNA in Nucelus L&F

DNA wrapped around 8 histones = Nucleosome - A collection of nucleosomes is called chromatin, in prep for cell division chromatin condenses to chromatin fibres then into loops and then to fully condensed chromosomes (contains many genes)

Gene F

A DNA segment which contributes to phenotype/fucntion

Ribosomes L&F

Function is protein production (translation), can be found free in cytoplasm, poor attached to rough ER

Smooth ER

Lacks ribosomes, stores proteins, enzymes and produces lipids ( very cell/tissue-type specific)

Rough ER L&F

Studded with ribosomes, produces secreted proteins, membrane proteins, organelle proteins

Golgi apparatus L&F

Composed of flattened membrane-bound sacs (cisternae), modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins from the rough ER

Lysosomes L&F

They are vesicles formed from Golgi membrane, contains powerful digestive enzymes, function is digestion of substances that enter a cell - different cell components (autophagy), entire cell (autolysis) = once digested all building blocks are recycled

Mitochondria L&F

Contains double membranes and contain their own genome, generates ATP through cellular respiration

Cytoskeletal System L&F

Maintains shape, size and integrity of cell, cotnains 3 different fibres

Microfilaments L&F

Actin filaments for tension, and cellular motility, anchors cytoskeleton too plasma membrane proteins, they’re dynamic, and is the smallest

Intermediate Filaments L&F

More permanent stabilisers, found in the cytoplasm, less dynamic and middle size

Microtubules L&F

Tube based structure for organelle movement and cell shape stability, has lumen, dynamic, important for movement of cillia, flagella, and organelles, Biggest