CC3: Computer Programming 3 EXAM FINALS

function

is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action, provide better modularity for your application and a high degree of code reusing

parameter

is the variable listed inside the parentheses in the function definition

argument

is the value that is sent to the function when it is called.

*args

If you do not know how many arguments that will be passed into your function, add a * before the parameter name in the function definition. This way the function will receive a tuple of arguments.

**kwargs

If you do not know how many keyword arguments that will be passed into your function, add two asterisk: ** before the parameter name in the function definition. This way the function will receive a dictionary of arguments

Recursion

is a common mathematical and programming concept. It means that a function calls itself. This has the benefit of meaning that you can loop through data to reach a result.

list

is a data structure that's built into Python and holds a collection of items. Lists have a number of important, items are enclosed in square brackets

list

is a most versatile data type available in Python which can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets.

tuple

is a collection of objects which ordered and immutable. are sequences, just like lists, cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples use parentheses,

Dictionaries

are used to store data values in key:value pairs, is a collection which is ordered, changeable and do not allow duplicates.

set

is a collection which is unordered and unindexed, are written with curly brackets.

List

is a collection which is ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate members.

Tuple

is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. Allows duplicate members.

Set

is a collection which is unordered and unindexed. No duplicate members.

Dictionary

is a collection which is ordered* and changeable. No duplicate members.

OOP

is a programming paradigm that models real-world entities using objects and classes, have a big impact on the result.

OBJECTS

can represent real-world objects and other (living or non-living) entities.

State and Behavior

object has 2 characteristics

class

is a template or a blueprint. An object is an instance of a what.

Class members

are declarations made inside the body of the class.

Fields

Also referred to as attributes. These are data used by the class. They are variables declared inside the class body.

Methods

Also referred to as the behavior(s). These are program statements grouped together to perform a specific function.

init() function

is called automatically every time the class is being used to create a new object.

self parameter

is a reference to the current instance of the class, and is used to access variables that belong to the class.

Constructor

This method called when an object is created from the class and it allow the class to initialize the attributes of a class.

class instantiation

Creating an object out of a class is called?

Pandas

is a Python library used for working with data sets. It has functions for analyzing, cleaning, exploring, and manipulating data

Wes McKinney

created pandas in 2008

Pandas

allows us to analyze big data and make conclusions based on statistical theories, can clean messy data sets and make them readable and relevant. Relevant data is very important in data science.

Data Science

is a branch of computer science where we study how to store, use and analyze data for deriving Information from it.

pip

The most popular package manager for Python, is today the standard tool for installing Python packages and their dependencies in a secure manner.

Pandas Series

is like a column in a table. It is a one-dimensional array holding data of any type.

label

can be used to access a specified value.

DataFrames

Data sets in Pandas are usually multi-dimensional tables, Series is like a column, it is the whole table.

loc attribute

to return one or more specified row(s)

openpyxl

is a Python library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files. It's one of the available engines that pandas supports for reading Excel files.

tail() method

returns a specified number of last rows, returns the last 5 rows if a number is not specified.

head() method

returns a specified number of rows, string from the top, returns the first 5 rows if a number is not specified.

describe() method

returns description of the data in the DataFrame, used to generate descriptive statistics of DataFrame columns. It gives a quick summary of key statistical metrics like mean, standard deviation, percentiles, and more.

info() method

also tells us how many Non-Null values there are present in each column, and in our data set

dropna() method

One way to deal with empty cells is to remove rows that contain empty cells. This is usually fine, since data sets can be very big, and removing a few rows will not have a big impact on the result.

fillna() method

allows us to replace empty cells with a value

mean() median() and mode()

methods used to calculate the respective values for a specified column

inplace=True parameter

is used in various DataFrame methods to specify whether the operation should modify the DataFrame in place or return a new DataFrame with the changes applied.

coerce

If the error argument is passed as ______ , then invalid parsing will be set as NaN .

ignore

If the error argument is passed as ______ , then invalid parsing will return the input.