ap lang everythings an argument

Everything is an Argument

The concept that all forms of communication express a perspective, making them arguments.

Nuanced

Refers to the complexity of daily actions that reveal subtle beliefs about a person.

Suasion

The act of convincing someone of a truth known by the speaker.

Purposes of Arguing

To win, inform, explore, or meditate; the most common is to win, often seen in politics and business.

Arguments to Convince

Convince seeks truth through logic.

Arguments to Persuade

persuade aims to change beliefs based on the speaker's truth.

Academic Argument

Best to argue to convince, using evidence to support claims.

Rogerian Argument

Aims to find common ground between opposing views without hostility.

Informative Arguments

Used to educate an audience, such as marketing or political campaigns.

Argument to Explore

Identifies a problem needing resolution, often without an opposing viewpoint.

Argument to Make a Decision

Involves exploring options to make informed choices, like selecting high school classes.

Argument to Meditate

Focuses on achieving a peaceful state, requiring clear purpose and context for understanding.

Aristotle on Time

Emphasizes the relevance of time in arguments regarding past, present, or future.

Forensic Argument

Addresses past events, often seen in legal contexts, like court debates.

Deliberative Argument

Focuses on future actions, using past evidence to predict outcomes.

Epideictic Arguments

Concern present values, often seen in ceremonial speeches.

Stasis Theory

Classifies arguments by addressing whether something happened, its nature, quality, and proposed actions.

Cultural Context

Understanding different cultural norms is essential for respectful argumentation.

Argument of Fact

Claims supported by evidence to establish a fact.

Argument of Definition

Discusses the classification of concepts, like the debate over fetal personhood.

Argument of Evaluation

Assesses the quality of something, revealing personal values.

Proposal Argument

Suggests actions to address identified problems.

Intended Reader

The target audience for a piece of writing.

Invoked Reader

An interested reader who may not be the intended audience.

Unintended Audience

Writing can reach unexpected readers if not carefully targeted.

Context

The background information necessary for understanding an argument.

Pathos

Appeals to emotions, often used in advertisements to evoke sympathy.

Ethos

Establishes credibility through the speaker's qualifications and trustworthiness.

Logos

Appeals to logic and reasoning, using evidence to support arguments.

Rhetorical Situation

Involves the speaker, purpose, audience, and context of an argument.

Humor as Emotional Appeal

Can make sensitive topics more approachable and engaging.

Ridicule

Discredits opposing views, often used in contemporary discourse.

Human Interest Stories

Narratives that evoke emotions to strengthen arguments.

Appeal Examples

Nike's slogan promotes determination; Apple's ad encourages creativity.

Ethos Definition

The credibility and character of the speaker.

Establishing Credibility

Institutions and individuals build credibility through reputation and expertise.

Expert Authority

Professionals or experienced individuals are trusted sources for information.

Language and Credibility

Effective language enhances trustworthiness and relatability.

Motivation and Credibility

Understanding an author's motivation helps assess their credibility.

Logos Analysis

Evaluates the logical structure and evidence of an argument.

Inartistic Evidence

relies on hard evidence.

Artistic Evidence

evidence that uses common sense.

Selecting Evidence

Writers should choose relevant and sufficient evidence to support their claims.

Credibility of Institutions

Established through consistent and reliable evidence.

Statistics in Arguments

Used to support claims with quantitative evidence.

Surveys and Polls

Provide insights into public opinion, influencing decisions.

Types of Information

Interviews and testimonies can support claims but require careful consideration.

Narratives and Testimonies

Appeal to both emotions and logic, enhancing arguments.

Conclusions Without Hard Facts