women and lgbtqia+ unit 4 aos 2

1960s events - women

• the pill introduced 1961 - social/ econmic

• 1965 Baroom suffragettes Merle Thornton and Rosalie Bogner - social repeal to liqur act

• 1966 Marriage Bar lifted - economic

• 1969 Womens Liberation movment formed - social

• 1969 Zelda D’Aprano chained herseld to commonwealth building melb - economic

• 1969 Equal Pay debate - ruled women performing identical jobs to men should recive same wage

• 1969 Concilliaion and Arbitation “of the same or like nature” same wage - economic

• 1969 Menhennitt ruling - Vic scope of lawful abortion able if physical or mental nessesity for mother - social

1970-1975 s events - women

1972 - WEL - trying to influence election economic - wanted luxury tax of pill

1972 - contraceptive pill becomes widley available - abollish luxary tax - WEL pushed labor

1972 - Single mothers benefit - economic

1972 - WAAC - wanted repeal of abortion laws, free safe abortion and contraception - social

1973 - Elizabeth reid PM of womens issues - politiclal

1974 - equal minimum wage granted - economic

1975-1980 events - women

1975 - paid materntity leave - economic

1975 - Womens Refuges Elsie - social

1975 - no fault divorce - social

1980s - women

1981 - criminsation of rape in marriage - soaicl

1984 - Sex discrimination act - prevents discrimination on sexism and homophobia - economic

1986 - Affirmative action - requires company with 100 + employees to have action plan to increase female employment - economic

1995 - Vic equal opportunity act ameneded to outlaw sexual harrasment

HI Bra Burning

·     Historian K Webb Ritual Bra Burnings – women argued bras only existed because men expected women to conform to male gaze

HI on Zelda

·       HI Cecily Curan Zelda Deprano was considered a ‘working class crusader of women’s rights

HI First Real change

HI Cecily Curan

First real change on the front of equal pay was the 1969 Arbitrations commission equal pay for equal work decision

HI defiant actions

·       HI Lucy Honan ““we see defiant actions, women chaining themselves to bars and building, women storming onto trams in groups and refusing to pay the full tram fare, huge rallies and speeches and profound consciousness raising discussions

Hi gay movement loosing steam

·       HI Clive Hamilton “by the mis 1970s, after several years of frenetic activity, the gay movement had run out of steam

Hi people celebrating mardi gra

·       HI Clive Hamilton “ on 24 June 1978 .., close to 2000 people gathered in Sydney’s Taylor Square and set off on the first gay Mardi gra. They were excited

HI Getting beaten

·       HP Clive Hamilton “just how far gay liberation still has to go was proven that night when matched turned into a riot as protesters were arrested, attacked and beaten by NSW police

HI Homosexual life in Aus

-              HI Graham Willet “ the prevailing image of homosexual life in Australia in the 1950s is one of lonely, fearful lives, persecution, vilification, hatred and self hatred

HP police officer

-              HP Colon Delaney (NSW police officer) described homosexuality as ‘the greatest social menace’

Hi pill and control over sex life

·       HI K Webb “The introduction of the contraceptive pill eventually gave women control of their sex lives.”

HI Feminism publicity

·       HI Darlington “From the early 1970s feminist had gained much publicity through political activism that included demonstrations, use of media and the formation of political lobby groups

HI Groups for abortion

·       HI Galbally “ in the 1970s groups sprang up demanding and lobbying for the decriminalisation of Abortion

HI IWD march 1972

·       HI Cecily Curan IWD March 1972 The marched demanded “one rate for one job” equal opportunity for work and education and free safe contraceptive

HP WAAC campaign

• HP WAAC campaign goals included that abortion is a women’s right to choose, free safe abortion on demand and free safe contraception on demand

HP Mothers primary responsibility

• HP B Santamaria “ a mother’s primary responsibility is the full time care of her own very young children, almost every married women is driven to this

HI to what extent womens refuges

·       HI Michelle Arrow By early 1980s women’s refuges lost federal funding, and childcare was underfunded

HI Anti feminist forces

·       HI Michelle Arrow Anti-feminist forces trying to wind back some of women’s movement gains

HI SDA

HI Margey regards as a shared triumph of the women’s movment and labor government

HI Backlash against womens movment

· HI Darlington    it came from men who felt threatened by the advances made by women It also came from some religious groups opposed to feminist demands such as the right to abortion

HP political + personal

personal is the political

HI AUS

HI Michelle Arrow The Australian union of students  played an important role in bringing gays and lesbians together in large conferences from the mid 1970s

HP need for change

·       HP Altman “homosexuals began to view themselves not as some lonesome deviants but rather the oppresses victims of a society that itself in need  of change”

HI Duncan

HI Clive Hamilton “Duncan’s death drew attention to the hidden epidemic of gay bashing around Australia”

HI coming out

HI Clive Hamilton “powerful form of protest

HI Gay activists

·        HI Clive Hamilton‘Gay activists challenged these prejudices by… campaigning for the rights of gay and lesbian teachers to work in schools, and promoting sex education that included discussion of same-sex desires’

HI Responce to aids

·        HI Michelle Arrow Australia’s response to aids was also innovative because it did not stigmatise those most at risk but instead emphasised that everyone could potentiall be at risk

HI working with goverment

·        HI Clive Hamilton “the demand for an urgent response to AIDS and the need to work closely with government, transformed gay activism”

Dates for decriminalisation homosexuality

·        SA: 1975

·        ACT: 1976

·        VIC: 1980

·        NT: 1983

·        NSW: 1984

·        WA: 1989

·        QLD: 1990

tas 1997

HP Tas homosexuality

·        HP Rodney Croom “I discovered then, that because I was gay, I lived in a police state”  

HI Affirmative Action

·       HI Cecily Curan “Affirmative Action 1986 passed by Hawke aimed to promote equal opportunity for women in employment

HI WLM challengin role

·       HI K Webb The WLM was making women think about their role and challenging male domination

HI WLM social life

·       HI Galbally “it was a mass feminist movement that challenged social life

HI affirmative action and WEL

·       HI R Darlington:  WEL Was ‘Influential in the passing of the affirmative action act’

HP to an extent reid WLM

·       HP Reid that while women’s liberation had raised awareness of all women ‘to a degree’ it had ‘not formed a union of women

hI change public attitudes

-              Clive Hamilton “ measured by the shift in public attitudes, the gay movement must rank as the most successful of the new social movments

HI change women

-              HI Cecily Curan Not only were issues that women faced during this time brought into the public sphere and actually debated but measurable change occurred in terms of legislation”

HI CAMP

Clive Hamilton “membership of CAMP grew exponentially and brahces popped up around the country”

HI Gay hate

Clive Hamilton “ the outpouring of gay hat… reached unprecedented extremes and threatened to undo all of the progress since the launch of gay movment in 1970:

Timeline 1969-1973

1969: Daughters of Bilitis - lesbian campagin and support group

1969: the homosexual reform society was formed in Canberra

1970: lesbian movement born

1970: Camp formed

Bob Brown - Labor leader moved to London 1967 and returned 1976

1972: Doctor Duncan Murder

1973: Aus medical assocation removed homosexuality from illness

timeline 1974-1998

1974: Penny Short lost scholarship – BLF refused to do work on university

1976: Homosexual electoral lobby

1978: First Mardi Gras – 2000 people gathered in SYD’s Taylor Square

1979: Public kiss of two men outside collins street hotel

Late 1980s: several gay men murdered in Sydney – at Bondi Tamarama cliffs

1982 - The 1982 Amendment to the
1977 Anti-Discrimination Act

1984: minister in responce to AIDS “die you deviate”

1985: Police gay liaison officer

1988 - Salmanca market - Un- highcourt

1990-1991: ACTUP Aids Coalition to unleash power –“ guerilla style protests “CH, floral clock protest

1994: ABC televised mardi gra

1994: Paul Keating Human rights sexual conduct act - privacy of gay sex

hi pay

hi Burganman““By 1990 figures showed average female full-time earnings were still no more than 83 percent of average male full-time earnings

education levels hp

By 1986, 50% of all university students were female (up from 28% in 1970).

WLM aims

• health, education, employment, childcare

conciosuness raising, protest

WEL

• equal pay

• equal employment

• equal acess to educaton

• free contracetpve

• abortion on demand

• 24 hour childcare

surveyed politicians, media campaings and demonstrations

Feminine Mystique + Female Eunich

Betty Fridean “is that all” 1963

Germaine Greer 1970

WEL starter

Beatrice Faust

WEL media

M Lake “the mainstream media seemed to embrace well”