AP HUG - political boundaries/disputes & Law of the Sea

definitional boundary dispute

dispute that takes place over the interpretations of the original documents that defined the boundary

locational boundary dispute

dispute over the location of the boundary and the ownership of the land

operational boundary disupute

dispute on how to manage the boundary and handle different issues that occur

allocational boundary dispute

dispute over the use of what is on or in the boundary (like who gets its natural resources)

example of locational boundary dispute

shifting of Mississippi River

example of allocational boundary dispute

US and Mexico border—who gets the oil

example of operational boundary dispute

US and Mexico border—can’t agree on how border crossing works

UNCLOS meaning

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Which boundary extends 12 nautical miles from the shore and what does it allow states to do?

Territorial waters; allows states to set laws on passage of ships—has political and economic control

What sea zone extends 12-24 nautical miles from the shore and what does it allow states to do?

Contiguous Zone; allows states to set laws on pollution, taxes, and migration

Which sea zone extends 24-200 nautical miles from the shore and what does it allow states to do?

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ); states have rights to natural resources here

What sea zone has no state ownership?

International waters

What country ignores the Law of the Sea in the South China Sea?

China—historically claimed the sea using the 9 Dash Line instead of the Law of Sea

Spratly Islands

cluster of islands in the middle of the South China Sea

What countries claim Spratly Islands?

Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, China

demarcated boundaries

boundary marked with a physical item or structure (like sign, wall, fence)

geometric boundary

straight lines that go with lines of longitude and latitude

antecedent boundaries

boundaries set before human settlement or cultural landscape

subsequent boundary

boundary that develops along with cultural landscape

example of relic boundary

Berlin Wall that used to separate West and East Germany

superimposed boundary

boundary set by a foreign state or group

consequent boundary

boundary created by differences in cultures or ethnic groups

relic boundary

boundary that is not active but still impacts cultural landscape

frontier

area where no state has control over

fortified boundary

boundary built to restrict movement