Anatomy Lab 4: The Upper Extremity

Sternoclavicular Joint

The joint formed by the articulation between the sternum and the clavicle, allowing forlimited movement of the shoulder girdle.

Acromioclavicular Joint

Acromioclavicular Ligament & Coracoclavicular Ligament

Glenohumeral Joint

Glenohumeral Ligament & Coracoacromial Ligament

Elbow Joint

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints

Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joints

Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) Joints

Flexion

Extension

Abduction

Away from midline

Adduction

Towards Midline

Pronation

Face Down

Supination

Upwards

Rotation (Medial & Lateral)

Medial = To the middle, Lateral = To Outside

Circumduction

Combines all of the above, Tip: Draw a cone in the air

Trapezius (Shoulder Muscles) (Superficial)

a large, triangular muscle spanning the neck, shoulders, and upper back

Latissimus Dorsi (Shoulder Muscles) (Superficial)

Levator Scapulae (Shoulder Muscles) (Superficial)

Elevates the Scapula (like a elevator)

Rhomboid Minor (Shoulder Muscles) (Deep)

Above the major vertically

Rhomboid Major (Shoulder Muscles) (Deep)

Deltoid (Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles)

Responsible for intramuscular shots

Subscapularis* (Part of Rotator Cuff)

Green

Supraspinatus (Part of Rotator Cuff)

Red

Infraspinatus

Blue

Tres Minor & Major

(Minor Above the major)

Pectoralis Minor (Above the boxer muscle)

Responsible for Scapula/Arm Movement

Pectoralis Major

Responsible for Scapula/Arm Movement

Serratus Anterior

Boxer Muscles

Biceps Brachii

Superficial Muscle (Long Head)

Coracobrachialis (Very Small) (Deep Muscles)

Brachialis (Deep Muscles)

Triceps Brachii (Posterior/Extensor Compartment)

*Only Muscle on Posterior side of the Arm Muscles

Brachioradialis (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

Actually a flexor, but better seen in the posterior compartment

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a short muscle in the posterior forearm that extends and abducts the wrist, acting as a primary dorsal stabilizer

Extensor Digitorum (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a superficial posterior forearm muscle that extends the four fingers (digits 2–5) and the wrist

Extensor Digiti Minimi (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a slender, superficial muscle in the posterior forearm that extends the little finger and assists in wrist extension

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a superficial posterior forearm muscle that extends and adducts (ulnar deviation) the wrist

Supinator (Deep Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

Abductor Pollicis Longus (Deep Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a deep muscle in the posterior forearm that acts to abduct, extend, and rotate the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint, and abduct the wrist.

Extensor Indicis (Deep Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a narrow, deep muscle in the posterior forearm that allows independent extension of the index finger

Pronator Teres (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a two-headed muscle in the superficial anterior forearm that runs diagonally from the medial elbow to the lateral radius

Flexor Carpi Radialis (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

Palmar’s Longus (Not always present) (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

A major extrinsic muscle in the forearm that flexes the middle phalanges of digits 2–5 at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Superficial Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a superficial, two-headed muscle in the anterior forearm that flexes and adducts (ulnar deviation) the hand at the wrist

Flexor Pollicis Longus (Deep Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

A deep forearm muscle that serves as the primary flexor of the thumb's interphalangeal joint

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Deep Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a deep forearm muscle responsible for flexing the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the fingers

Pronator Quadratus (Deep Muscles) (Forearm Muscles)

a deep, flat, quadrilateral-shaped muscle in the distal forearm that acts as a primary mover for pronation, turning the palm downward

Thenar Muscles (Hand Muscles)

Hypothenar Muscles (Hand Muscles)

Muscle near Pinki

Ulnar Nerve (Terminal Nerves of the Brachial Plexus)

Median Nerve (Terminal Nerves of the Brachial Plexus)

It passes through the carpal tunnel, making it vulnerable to compression, which causes pain, tingling, and numbness

Musculocutaneous nerve (Terminal Nerves of the Brachial Plexus)

Radial Nerve (Terminal Nerves of the Brachial Plexus)

Axillary Nerve (Terminal Nerves of the Brachial Plexus)