Atoms and Molecules Flashcards

Flashcards for Anatomy and Physiology review

What is Anatomy?

The study of the parts of the body.

What is Physiology?

The study of the normal functioning of the body.

What is a chemical element?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down further by chemical means.

What are the four most common elements in the body?

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.

Describe the levels of structural organization from atoms to a human organism.

Atoms combine to form molecules, cells are made up of molecules, tissues consist of similar types of cells, organs are made up of different types of tissues, organ systems consist of different organs that work together, and the human organism is made up of many organ systems.

What are the three basic sub-atomic particles?

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

What is the atomic number?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

What is the atomic mass?

The mass of protons + neutrons + electrons in an atom.

What is a molecule?

A substance formed by two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds.

What is a compound?

A substance that contains atoms from two or more different elements.

What are the major types of chemical bonds?

Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen bonds.

What is an ion?

An atom that has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

What is a cation?

Positive ion.

What is a anion?

Negative ion.

Describe the formation of an ionic bond.

The loss or gain of electrons resulting in the formation of ions, with attraction between opposite charges.

Describe the formation of a covalent bond.

A bond formed as a result of two or more atoms sharing electrons.

What is a polar covalent bond?

Unequal sharing of electrons.

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

Equal sharing of electrons.

What are inorganic compounds?

Compounds that usually lack carbon.

What are organic compounds?

Compounds that always contain carbon and usually contain hydrogen, and that are mostly made up of covalent bonds.

What are the four main types of organic compounds?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids.

What is a monomer?

The subunit or building block of a polymer, such as glucose being the monomer of glycogen or an amino acid being the monomer of a protein.

What is a polymer?

A group of linked subunits (monomers), such as glycogen or protein.