titrations

quantitative analysis

many teachers find _____________ a tough topic to teach

titration

simply a technique used by analytical chemists to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of accurately known concentration

titration

this is an analytical technique most commonly used to calculate the concentration of an unknown substance with a known

analyte

the unknown substance in a titration

titrant

the known substance in a titration

quantitative

titration is a quantitative/qualitative chemical analysis

a solution is added to a sample to be analyzed

the basic principle of titration

titrant

this contains a known concentration of a chemical which reacts with the substance to be determined

ring stand

1

burette

2

standardized solution

3

sample

4

erlenmeyer flask

5

burette

1

burette clamp

2

stopcock

3

stand

4

flask

5

initial reading

6

titrant

7

analyte

8

initial reading

1

final reading

2

end point

3

10s

when the indicator stays this color for ____________ or so and clears, the acid is neutralized

(Vf - Vi)/M

formula for resolving power

burette

a volumetric measuring glassware which is used in analytical chemistry for the accurate dispensing of a liquid, especially of one of the reagents in a titration

titrant

this is added from a burette to a known quantity of the analyte until the reaction is complete

pipette

this is used to measure the quantity of the analyte

pipette

this is used to put an accurate volume of reactant in the conical flask

burette clamp

is a scientific equipment which is used specifically to hold and secure a burette on a stand, so that a burette is fixed and more convenient for the experiment

stopcock, valve

found at the tip of burettes, these control the flow of the chemical solution

rubber pipette filler

this is used to safely draw liquids into a pipette

releases air, draws in liquid, regulates and releases the liquid

the rubber pipette filler has three valves. one valve ______________, another _________________, and the third ____________________

"A" valve to release air

1

"E" valve to empty pipette

2

"S" valve to siphon liquid

3

insert pipette port here

4

release air

function of the A valve of the rubber pipette filler

empty pipette

function of the E valve of the rubber pipette filler

siphon liquid

function of the S valve of the rubber pipette filler

top of the pipette

for the first step, insert the ____________ in the bottom of the pipette filler

squeezing the bulb

for the second step, release air from the pipette filler by squeezing valve "A" on the top of the pipette filler while simultaneously _______________________

size of the pipette

the amount of air you release is dependent on the _______________ that you are using

tip of the pipette

in the third step, insert the ____________ into the solution to be dispensed

siphon solution

fourth step of using pipette filler

vacuum

squeezing the valve S on the bottom of the pipette filler creates a ________________ to draw solution into the pipette

empty the pipette

fifth step of using pipette filler

desired rate, desired level

squeezing valve E helps to release solution at _________________, and to the _________________

zero mark

in the sixth step of using pipette filler, it works best to fill the pipette past the ______________ on step 4

zero mark

in the sixth step of using pipette filler, after filling the pipette past the zero mark on step 4, draw the level down to the ________________ on step 6

flask

this has a conical base that almost extends into a small, cylindrical neck

bung

the shape of the flask allows the flask to be sealed with a ___________ for heating purposes

erlenmeyer flask

a type of laboratory flask which features a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck

conical flask, titration flask

two other names for erlenmeyer flask

Emil Erlenmeyer

german chemist whose name is the origin for the name of the conical flask

1825-1909

years of emil erlenmeyer

1860

year when the erlenmeyer flask was created

titrant

the solution of a known concentration, which is added to another solution whose concentration has to be determined

analyte

the solution whose concentration has to be determined

titrand

other name for analyte

indicator

this detects the endpoint of the titration

titrator, reagent, standard solution

other names for titrant

analyte

the species of interest during a titration

mole ratio between reactants and products

the key to using titration to determine an unknown concentration of a solution

titration

What analytical technique is widely used in the food industry to determine the quantity of a reactant in a sample, such as the amount of salt or sugar in a product or the concentration of vitamin C or E?

To perform quantitative chemical analysis

What is the purpose of potentiometric titration?

It requires a large amount of material

Why is it difficult to use the traditional titration method in the early stages of drug discovery and development?

5-10 milligrams

What is the minimum amount of sample required for the microtitration method introduced in the report?

n = CV

formula for number of moles