Chapter 22 Review Flashcards

Flashcards for Chapter 22 review, covering Reconstruction and its aftermath.

Lincoln's Reconstruction Views

To treat the South with leniency and reconciliation after the Civil War.

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

A plan that included pardons for Confederates who pledged allegiance to the Union, the appointment of provisional governors, and requirements for Southern states to abolish slavery and ratify the 13th Amendment.

Freedmen's Bureau

Provided assistance to formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South. A lasting effect was its contribution to education for African Americans.

Black Codes

Restrictive laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War to limit the freedom and rights of African Americans.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including formerly enslaved people, and guaranteed equal protection of the laws.

Congressional Reconstruction Political Power

During Congressional Reconstruction, Republican Party, including African Americans, held political power in the South.

New Southern Voters

African Americans made up the largest group of New-Southern voters.

15th Amendment

Guaranteed African American men the right to vote.

Enforcement Acts

Congress hoped the Enforcement Acts would prevent voter intimidation and violence against African Americans and Republicans in the South.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK) Formation

Formed to intimidate and terrorize African Americans and white Republicans in the South, aiming to undermine Reconstruction efforts and restore white supremacy.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws enacted in the Southern United States to enforce racial segregation.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Led to the establishment of the 'separate but equal' doctrine, legalizing segregation.

Southern Poll Tax Laws

Disenfranchisement of poor African Americans and some poor whites, hindering their ability to vote.

Push Factors for African Americans

Racial discrimination, violence, and limited economic opportunities in the South pushed African Americans to migrate to other parts of the country.

African American Improvements in the South

By establishing their own churches, schools, and communities, and by engaging in political activism despite facing significant challenges.