Regulation of Gene Expression

These flashcards encompass key concepts related to the regulation of gene expression, including mechanisms, processes, technologies, and definitions important in understanding gene regulation.

Gene Expression

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically proteins.

Variable Gene Expression

The expression of genes that differs based on various conditions, including time in life, cell or tissue type, and environmental factors.

Epigenetics

Processes that affect gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence, often involving modifications to histones or DNA.

Chromatin

The combination of DNA and histone proteins that compacts DNA into a more manageable form.

Transcriptional Regulation

The mechanisms that increase or decrease the expression of genes during the transcription process.

Repressor Protein

A protein that binds to an operator region and inhibits the transcription of a gene.

Inducer Molecule

A substance that increases the rate of gene transcription by binding near the promoter of a gene.

mRNA Microarray

A technology used to study gene expression that involves isolating mRNA and using it to create fluorescent probes to measure gene activity.

2D Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate proteins based on two properties: charge and molecular mass.

RNA Interference (RNAi)

A biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules.