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"Arianism was __________________ and ______________________." (p. 228)
subordinationist
adoptionist
Arius and the status of the Son - God or something made by God? (p. 228)
- not God because there would be 2 Gods
- perfect creation who became God
Sabellius and the alleged process of becoming in God. (p. 229)
a historical succession in the revelation of his being
Unitarians and the derivation of the Son (p. 229)
- deny that the Son is consubstantial with the Father
- He is inferior to the Father
John Milton and Arianism (p. 229)
- Son and the Spirit were created by the free will of the Father before the creation of the world
- only called "God" by their office
Socinianism on the status of the Son (p. 229)
Socinianism views the Son as a fully created human, like a new teacher born to share wisdom, with no existence before his miraculous birth, emphasizing his role as a perfect example.
"To defend Scripture's teaching, the church found it necessary to use language that _______ ____________ _________________, a practice condemned by Arians and their post-Reformation and modern counterparts but always defended by Christian theology." (p. 230)
went beyond Scripture
Christian theology and the question of moving beyond the exact language of Scripture or in introducing extrabiblical terminology (p. 230)
to defend the truth of Scripture against all heresy
Augustine sought to avoid the term substantia in his discussion of the Trinity. Why? (p. 231)
it suggests a division between essence and accidents or properties
the great challenge facing Christians with respect to the Trinity doctrine (pp. 227-228)
- unity does not cancel Trinity
- Trinity does not cancel unity
Augustine and the term essentia (p. 231)
essence and attributes coincide
"it is _______________________________ that exists in each person individually and in all of them collectively." (p. 232)
one and the same divine nature
Differences in terminology and misunderstanding between the East and West (p. 233)
taught the same thing: three divine persons are not "modes" but "subsistences"
the three "personal properties" that distinguish the three persons (p. 234)
1) paternity (unbegottenness)
2) sonship (begottenness)
3) sanctification (procession)
being and personhood in God (p. 234)
being and personhood conincide
the Father begets the Son everlastingly (p. 237)
- generates him perpetually
- for God to beget is to speak, and His speaking is eternal
Who especially influenced the West's affirmation that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son? (pp. 238-239)
Augustine
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