7 layer osi model topic 7

Application layer (7)

The Application Layer is the interface between the user and the network. It includes the protocols and services that users interact with directly, such as web browsers, email clients, and file transfer applications.

protocols = Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Presentation layer (6)

The Presentation Layer is responsible for converting data into a format that can be understood by both the sender and receiver. This includes data encryption, compression, and translation of character sets.

protocols = Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Session layer (5)

The Session Layer establishes, maintains, and terminates sessions (temporary connections) between apps on different devices.This layer is responsible for synchronizing data streams, managing multiple connections, and ensuring that data is sent and received in the correct order.

protocols = NetBIOS, Session Control Protocol (SCP), and Remote Procedure Call (RPC).

Transport layer (4)

The Transport Layer is responsible for providing end-to-end communication between applications.It ensures reliable data transmission by stablishing a connection, managing the flow of data and detecting and correcting errors.

protocols = Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for reliable communication, and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for faster but less reliable communication.

Network layer (3)

The Network Layer is responsible for routing data across the network from the source to the destination. It uses IP (Internet Protocol) addresses to identify devices on the network.This layer also handles the fragmentation and reassembly of data packets if they’re too large for the Data Link Layer to handle.

protocols = IP (both IPv4 and IPv6), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).

Data link layer (2)

The Data Link Layer establishes a reliable link between two nodes on a network. It is responsible for error detection and correction, flow control, and ensuring that data is delivered in the correct order.There are sublayers to this layer, including the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer, which assigns unique hardware addresses to devices, and the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer, which handles error and flow control.

protocols = Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

Physical layer (1)

The Physical Layer is responsible for the actual transmission of data in the form of bits (0s and 1s) over a physical medium, such as a wire, fiber optic cable, or wireless radio signal.

protocols = Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.