EXAM 4 PART 3: LIVER

The liver is/ has…

The liver is/ has…

• Largest internal organ

• Most functions of any organ

Description of the Liver structure…

• Tissue only 1-2 cells thick

• All cells contact blood

Liver lobule is defined as…

• Hexagonal shape

• Functional Unit of the liver

Purpose of the central vein

Drains processed blood

Portal triad are…

• @corners of lobule

• Artery + vein +bile duct

Define hepatic plates

• Hepatocytes (liver cells) form
• 1-2 cells thick
• All hepatocytes contact blood

Sinusoids are…

• Between hepatic plates
• Arterial & venous blood (from portal triad) mix
• Only location in body
• Drain → central vein

Define Kupffer cells…

• Phagocytic
• Line sinusoids

Define bile canaliculi

• W/in hepatic plates
• Deliver bile → bile duct (in triad)

What is bile?

• Bilirubin
• Cholesterol
• Phospholipids
• Ions
• Yellowish-green fluid

What is bilirubin?

• Hb breakdown product
  • From spleen
  • In blood (insoluble)
  • Conjugated (joined) in liver to make soluble

How is bilirubin secreted?

→ bile → small intestine

Bacterial conversion of bile:

Bilirubin → urobilinogen

Why is feces brown?

Some bile excreted

What happens when bile is reabsorbed?

• 30-50%
• Recycled by liver (into bile)
• Filtered by kidney
• Makes urine yellow

What are the strategies of Liver detoxification?

Excretion in bile

Kupffer cell phagocytosis

Chemical alteration

What’s the chemical alteration of ammonia?

→ Urea

Glucose is converted into what for storage?

Glycogen

Gluconeogenesis, what is made?

non-CHO (a.a.s preferred) → CHO (glu)

Ketogenesis makes…?

• Lipids → ketone bodies
• Replace glucose during starvation

List of (some) plasma protein production:

• Transport (for non-polar molecules)
• Clotting factors
• Angiotensinogen
• Albumins