Week 10 Lecture 1 - Mitochondria and plastids

What is the function of mitochondria?

Turn fuel into ATP

What is the structure of mitochondria?

They have a double membrane, 2 internal compartments which are the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix.

State the 3 types of respiration that occurs in mitochondria and the location

Glycolysis - Cytoplasm, Citric acid cycle - mitochondrial matrix, oxidative phosphorylation - inner mitochondrial membrane.

Name and give the function of coloured and uncoloured plastids.

Colored: Chloroplasts, found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis. Chromoplasts, found in fruit/flowers and provide color.

Uncolored: Amyloplasts, store and synthesize starch, found in roots

What is the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondria and chloroplast evolution?

Mitochondria: Plasma membrane infolding enclosed a prokaryote which evolved into mitochondria, double membrane evidence of this.

Chloroplast: Plasma membrane infolding enclosed a photosynthetic prokaryote which evolved into chloroplast, double membrane evidence of this.

What is the evidence mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living?

Double membrane, chromosomes, divide like bacteria, ribosomes more similar to bacteria.