Haemorrhaging and Artificial Wounds

Haemorrhaging dangers

Hypovolemic shock
Hypoxia
Infections

Signs of internal haemorrhaging

Unexplained shock signs
Kinematics
External bruising

Treatment for external haemorrhaging

Direct pressure first, then indirect pressure if necessary (or certain other conditions).

Direct pressure

• Apply pressure directly, even just with hand.
• Place a field bandage on top.
• Place a cloth triangle if the bleeding does not stop.
• Ensure peripheral pulse.

Indirect pressure

• Pressure points - squeeze artery against the bone.
• Tourniquet - place 5-10 cm above the source of the bleeding (placement time should be written on the forehead).
• There should be no peripheral pulse present.

Tourniquet conditions

• Uncontrolled haemorrhaging from thigh or large artery.
• Full or partial amputation of a limb.
• Multiple haemorrhages.
• Severe haemorrhage from an open fracture.
• Any haemorrhage that does not stop after applying DP.
• There is impaired visibility that prevents EMTs from seeing severity.
• Mass-casualty incident.
• Unsafe location.
• A patient who requires CPR.

Haemorrhaging notes

Immobilise afflicted body part where the haemorrhage is taking place.

Administer NaCl using IV catheter.