IHUM 201 Unit 2 Exam

Church-militant

A combination of church and state

Represented by the Christians who are engaged in a continuous war against evil and the enemies of Christ

Specifically in the Arian and Orthodox beliefs

Pendentive

A structural device that enabled architects of the 6th century to solve the problem of placing a dome on a square base

This is was a problem within the Hagia Sophia

Platonism

Separate the finite world of forms from the infinite world of the idea

The Law of Primogeniture

The first born son inherits all of the property

Trope

The addition of extra words in early medieval sacred music

Paved the way for the re-emergence of western drama since the Greecian times

ICHTHUS

Acronym for Jesus Christ, Son of God and Savior

Fish symbol that is a symbol for Christ

Scholasticism

Based on authority and divided knowledge into two fields of study: quadrivium and trivium

Icon

An image

Cathedra

The seat of authority

Rubricator

Someone who applied the red letters in illuminated manuscripts

Illuminator

Someone who drew the pictures and applied gold leafing in illuminated manuscripts

Tesserae

Small pieces of stone and glass used to assemble mosaics

Horarium Monastic

A prayer service held throughout the day for monks and nuns

Melismatic

When numerous notes were applied to one syllable of text

Goliards

Wandering students and people of questionable social standing who wrote light-hearted songs

Lancet

A narrow pointed arched window of stained glass

Ordinary Mass

Includes the kyrie and four other parts; an everyday service

Thomas Aquinas

Humans are innately carnal and animalistic, a priest, one of the four most scholastic thinkers

Giselbertus

Romanesque sculptor of the Last Judgement and other religious scenes

Hildegard of Bingen

A nun, composer, artist - very multitalented

Leonin

Composed the book of polyphony, called Magnus Liber Organ

Pope Gregory

Collected and codified plain song and chant in the 6th century

Theodora

Emperor’s wife; A very dynamic leader and inspired a lot by her husband

Abelard

Wrote to reconcile contradictions - to teach his students the method of rational disputations so that they could work out truth for themselves

Suger of St. Denis

Oversaw the construction of the Abbey church, now considered the prototype of the new gothic style

Charlemagne

Also known as Charles the Great, Holy Roman Emperor, crowned emperor on Christmas Day

Virgil

Dante’s Divine Comedy, Dante’s first guide, represents human reason

Orpheus

A classical figure often used as a motif for Christ in Early Roman Christian Art, original Orpheus story leads someone out of the darkness to the light, represented as Christ

The Sermon on the Mount

In this sermon, an emphasis on: the inward, the afterlife, and being an example to others

The Koran

Focuses on admonition and guidance

King Charlemagne’s Accomplishments

• The monasteries flourished

• Economic development and royal coinage

• Increased trade through trade fairs and inventions

• Education was focused on the Bible

Style of the Carolingian Renaissance

Influenced by Early Roman Christian, Celtic/Germanic, and Byzantine

Romanesque Architecture characteristics

• Round arches

• Cross/cruciform floor plans

• Massive fortress like strength

• Tympanum sculptures

5 points of Scholasticism

1. Reconciliation of Contradictions

2. Division and Subdivision

3. Totality

4. Light

5. The Virgin Mary

Gothic Architecture Characteristics

• Flying buttresses

• Ribbed caulking

• Stained Glass

• Pointed arches

Islamic Culture/discoveries

The different inventions: optics, math, personal hygiene, infectious disease

Very developed

Characteristics of Roman Christian Art

• Latin Cross

• 3D

• Candid

• Figures in their natural state

• Plain, Roman toga clothing

Characteristics of Byzantine Art

• Greek cross

• Flat, formal, frontal, floating

• Very stylized

• Cookie cutter