Unit 12_ Chance and nature – Glossary

approximate

/əˈprɒk.sɪ.meɪt/ verb to calculate something in a way that is not exact - ước lượng

approximate

/əˈprɒk.sɪ.mət/ adj not exact, but close to an exact amount, number, time, etc. - xấp xỉ

ascribe

/əˈskraɪb/ verb to believe something is the cause of something else - quy cho, đổ cho

assign

/əˈsaɪn/ verb to send someone to a particular place - phân công

attribute

/ˈæt.rɪ.bjuːt/ verb to believe something is the result of a particular situation - cho là do

blow

/bləʊ/ noun an event that causes you to feel sad or shocked - cú sốc

cause

/kɔːz/ verb to make something happen, usually something bad - gây ra

cause

/kɔːz/ noun an event or thing that makes something happen - nguyên nhân

coincidence

/kəʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/ noun a situation in which separate things happen by chance - sự trùng hợp

curse

/kɜːs/ verb to use magic powers to make bad things happen - nguyền rủa

curse

/kɜːs/ noun a bad situation or event caused by magic - lời nguyền

deliberate

/dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət/ adj intended, not by chance - cố ý

determine

/dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/ verb to calculate or discover by examining evidence - xác định

fate

/feɪt/ noun a power that controls what happens in your life - số phận

fluctuate

/ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt/ verb to change frequently - dao động

foresee

/fɔːˈsiː/ verb to see or know what will happen in the future - thấy trước

freak

/friːk/ noun something with very unusual features - người lập dị

freak

/friːk/ adj extremely unusual and unexpected - kỳ lạ

gamble

/ˈɡæm.bəl/ verb to risk money in the hope of winning - đánh bạc

haphazard

/ˌhæpˈhæz.əd/ adj not carefully planned or organised - bừa bãi

hazard

/ˈhæz.əd/ noun something that could be dangerous - mối nguy

inadvertent

/ˌɪn.ədˈvɜː.tənt/ adj not deliberate - vô ý

instrumental

/ˌɪn.strəˈmen.təl/ adj important in making something happen - đóng vai trò quan trọng

jinxed

/dʒɪŋkst/ adj someone or something that has bad luck - xui xẻo

likelihood

/ˈlaɪ.kli.hʊd/ noun how certain it is that something will happen - khả năng

lucky charm

/ˈlʌk.i tʃɑːm/ noun phrase something that brings luck - bùa may mắn

meander

/miˈæn.dər/ verb to move slowly without direction - đi lang thang

mishap

/ˈmɪs.hæp/ noun a minor mistake or accident - sự cố nhỏ

mutate

/mjuːˈteɪt/ verb to become different due to a genetic change - đột biến

odds

/ɒdz/ noun the chances of something happening - tỷ lệ xảy ra

pick

/pɪk/ verb to choose someone or something - chọn

pick

/pɪk/ noun choice - sự lựa chọn

pot luck

/ˌpɒt ˈlʌk/ noun phrase a situation you don't know what to expect - bữa ăn may rủi

random

/ˈræn.dəm/ adj chosen without any method or purpose - ngẫu nhiên

sign

/saɪn/ noun a piece of evidence that something is happening - dấu hiệu

speculate

/ˈspek.jə.leɪt/ verb to consider why something has happened - suy đoán

spontaneous

/spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs/ adj happening naturally without planning - tự phát

startle

/ˈstɑː.təl/ verb to make someone feel frightened or surprised - làm giật mình

statistics

/stəˈtɪs.tɪks/ noun a group of numbers that represent facts - thống kê

stray

/streɪ/ verb to move away from the correct path - lạc đường

stray

/streɪ/ adj lost or without a home - lang thang, bị lạc

stray

/streɪ/ noun an animal that is lost or has no home - động vật hoang, bị bỏ rơi

superstition

/ˌsuː.pəˈstɪʃ.ən/ noun a belief that things are caused by magic - sự mê tín

superstitious

/ˌsuː.pəˈstɪʃ.əs/ adj believing in magic instead of science - mê tín, tin vào điều huyền bí

transpire

/trænˈspaɪə(r)/ verb to happen - xảy ra

uncertainty

/ʌnˈsɜː.tən.ti/ noun not being sure about something - sự không chắc chắn

wobble

/ˈwɒb.əl/ verb to move unsteadily from side to side - lắc lư, chao đảo

agriculture

/ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər/ noun the work or business of farming - nông nghiệp

appreciate

/əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/ verb to understand how good something is - đánh giá cao, trân trọng

catastrophe

/kəˈtæs.trə.fi/ noun a terrible event that causes a lot of damage - thảm họa

crop

/krɒp/ noun a plant grown for food, usually on a farm - cây trồng (nông sản)

drought

/draʊt/ noun a long period of time when there is little or no rain and crops die - hạn hán

evacuate

/ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ verb to leave a building or other place because it is not safe - sơ tán, di tản

exploit

/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ verb to use natural resources so that you gain as much as possible - khai thác

exploit

/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ verb to treat someone unfairly to gain benefit for yourself - bóc lột

famine

/ˈfæm.ɪn/ noun a serious lack of food for a long time causing people to become ill or die - nạn đói

flood

/flʌd/ verb if water floods a place, it covers it - lũ lụt, làm ngập

flood

/flʌd/ noun a large amount of water that covers an area that was dry before - lũ lụt, ngập lụt

fossil fuels

/ˈfɒs.əl ˌfjʊəlz/ noun phrase fuels like coal or oil from decayed plants/animals - nhiên liệu hóa thạch

global warming

/ˌɡləʊ.bəl ˈwɔː.mɪŋ/ noun phrase an increase in the Earth's average temperature - sự nóng lên toàn cầu

greenery

/ˈɡriː.nər.i/ noun green plants growing somewhere or used as decoration - cây xanh, cây trang trí

habitat

/ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/ noun the place where an animal or plant normally lives - môi trường sống, nơi cư trú

harvest (v)

/ˈhɑː.vɪst/ verb to collect crops from the fields - thu hoạch

harvest (n)

/ˈhɑː.vɪst/ noun the time when crops are collected - mùa gặt, vụ mùa

hurricane

/ˈhʌr.ɪ.kən/ noun a violent storm with strong winds and heavy rain - bão lớn (bão nhiệt đới)

instinct

/ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/ noun natural way of behaving that people/animals are born with - bản năng

natural disaster

/ˌnætʃ.rəl dɪˈzɑː.stər/ noun phrase a very bad event causing lots of damage or deaths - thảm họa thiên nhiên

resource

/rɪˈzɔːs/ noun things like oil, trees that can be used by people - tài nguyên

scarce

/skeəs/ adjective not much of something available - khan hiếm

species

/ˈspiː.ʃiːz/ noun a group of animals/plants with similar features - loài

chance upon

/tʃɑːns əˈpɒn/ phrasal verb find or see someone or something when you did not expect to - tình cờ bắt gặp

come across

/kʌm əˈkrɒs/ phrasal verb meet someone or find something by chance - tình cờ gặp hoặc tìm thấy

cool down

/kuːl daʊn/ phrasal verb become cooler, or make something cooler - làm mát, dịu đi

cut back (on)

/kʌt bæk ɒn/ phrasal verb reduce the amount of something, especially money that you spend - cắt giảm (chi tiêu, số lượng…)

die out

/daɪ aʊt/ phrasal verb become weaker or less common and then disappear completely - biến mất dần, tuyệt chủng

dig up

/dɪɡ ʌp/ phrasal verb remove something from the ground by digging; find information by searching carefully - đào lên; tìm kiếm kỹ lưỡng

dry up

/draɪ ʌp/ phrasal verb all the water comes out of it; stop being available - khô cạn; hết, không còn nữa

get through

/ɡet θruː/ phrasal verb use or finish something; manage a difficult situation - vượt qua; hoàn thành

heat up

/hiːt ʌp/ phrasal verb make something hot; become hot - làm nóng lên; nóng lên

kill off

/kɪl ɒf/ phrasal verb destroy living things so that most or all of them are dead - tiêu diệt hoàn toàn

put down to

/pʊt daʊn tuː/ phrasal verb think something has happened for a particular reason - cho là do, quy cho

slip up

/slɪp ʌp/ phrasal verb make a careless mistake - mắc lỗi, sơ suất

spring up

/sprɪŋ ʌp/ phrasal verb appear or be produced suddenly and quickly - xuất hiện bất ngờ

store up

/stɔːr ʌp/ phrasal verb keep a lot for later; do something that causes problems in the future - tích trữ; tích tụ rắc rối về sau

throw out

/θrəʊ aʊt/ phrasal verb get rid of; force someone to leave; reject a proposal - vứt bỏ; đuổi ra; bác bỏ

throw up

/θrəʊ ʌp/ phrasal verb produce something new or unexpected; cause dust/water to rise into the air - tạo ra; làm bụi/nước bốc lên không trung

an act of God

/ən ækt əv ɡɒd/ idiom an event such as a flood, lightning or an earthquake that is produced by natural forces, and that people have no control over - thiên tai (như lũ, sét, động đất), con người không kiểm soát

come rain or shine

/kʌm reɪn ɔː ʃaɪn/ idiom used for saying that something always happens or someone always does something despite bad weather or difficult conditions - dù mưa hay nắng, bất chấp hoàn cảnh

down on your luck

/daʊn ɒn jɔː lʌk/ idiom having a long period of difficulty finding work and earning money - đang trong giai đoạn gặp khó khăn (về tiền bạc, việc làm)

draw the short straw

/drɔː ðə ʃɔːt strɔː/ idiom be chosen to do something unpleasant - bị chọn làm việc không mong muốn

have green fingers

/hæv ɡriːn ˈfɪŋɡəz/ idiom be good at growing plants - mát tay trồng cây, giỏi làm vườn

let nature take its course

/let ˈneɪtʃə teɪk ɪts kɔːs/ idiom allow something to develop without trying to influence it - để mọi việc tự nhiên xảy ra, không can thiệp

no rhyme or reason

/nəʊ raɪm ɔː ˈriːzən/ idiom used for emphasising that there is no reason or explanation for something - không có lý do rõ ràng

out of the blue

/aʊt əv ðə bluː/ idiom happening in a way that is sudden and unexpected, and does not seem connected with anything that happened before - xảy ra bất ngờ, không báo trước

the luck of the draw

/ðə lʌk əv ðə drɔː/ idiom used for saying people have limited control over what life brings them - hên xui, số phận

touch wood

/tʌtʃ wʊd/ idiom used when you have said that you have had good luck in order to prevent bad luck from happening to you - cầu may, mong điều xấu không xảy ra sau khi nói điều tốt