1-Classification of Living Things

Ms. Grattons Gr.11 Bio Class

What Are The 6 Characteristics of Life?

1. Made of cells

2. Able to reproduce

3. Can move

4. Require food

5. Eliminate waste

6. Show signs of metabolism

How was Aristotle Involved with Early Classification?

Aristotle separated living things into 2 groups: Plant and Animal

What did Aristotle Define a Plant as?

Plant :

Herbs (soft stem)

Shrubs (several woody stems)

Trees (one large woody stem)

What did Aristotle define an Animal as?

Animal :

Air-dwellers

Land-dwellers

Water-dwellers

What is Taxonomy?

Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

Explain Binomial nomenclature

2 part naming system.

- 1st Part: Genus

- 2nd Part: Specific Name

What are the Rules for Binomial Nomenclature?

• Genus name is always capitalized

• Species name is not capitalized,

• Only species name must be italicized or underlined

• Name can be abbreviated

Explain Domain Archaea

• Oldest Known domain

• Ancient forms of bacteria

Explain Domain Eukarya

• Domain containing organisms that are eukaryotic or contain membrane bound organelles and nuclei

Explain Domain Bacteria

All other bacteria that is not included in the Archaea domain.

What are the 7 Taxa? (Acronym!)

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Explain the Taxa for Humans

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Primates

Family Hominidae

Genus Homo

Species Sapiens

What Are The Six Kingdoms?

• Archaebacteria

• Eubacteria

• Protista

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Animalia

What is the cell type for Kingdom Animalia?

Multicelllular (Many specialised cells)

Is Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

Is Kingdom Animalia Motile or sessile?

Motile

Is Kingdom Animalia heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Heterotrophic, relying on other organisms for food.

Does Kingdom Animalia reproduce sexually or asexually?

Sexually

What is the Cell Type for Kingdom Plantae?

Multicellular

Is Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

Is Kingdom Plantae Motile or Sessile?

Sessile

Is Kingdom Plantae heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Autotrophic, they produce their own food through photosynthesis

Does Kingdom Plantae Reproduce sexually or asexually?

Sexually

What cell type is Kingdom Fungi?

Multicellular

Is Kingdom fungi Eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

Is Kingdom Fungi motile or sessile?

Sessile

Is Kingdom Fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by absorbing organic matter.

Does Kingdom Fungi Reproduce sexually or asexually?

Both!

What domain is Fungi in?

Fungi belong to the domain Eukarya, which includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells.

What are single celled Fungi known as?

Yeasts

When do fungi turn into diploid cells?

For sexual reproduction. They spend most of their life in a haploid state.

What are the cell walls of Fungi made of?

Chitin. Its a carbohydrate that provides rigidity and strength to the cell walls.

What is a Fungi’s Habitat?

• Most grow in terrestrial environments, but several species live only in aquatic habitats. 

• Most fungi live in soil or dead matter, and in symbiotic relationships with plants, animals, or other fungi. 

• Fungi, along with bacteria that are found in soil, are the primary decomposers of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems. 

What cell type is Kingdom Protista?

Unicellualr

Is Kingdom Protista eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic

Is Kingdom Prostia Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

Both!

Does Kingdom Prostia Reproduce Sexually or asexually?

Asexually

Explain Animal like Protists

Animal-like protists are called protozoa. Most consist of a single cell.

Explain Plant like Protists

Plant-like protists are called algae. They include single-celled diatoms and multicellular seaweed. 

Explain Fungus like protists

Fungus-like protists are molds. They are absorptive feeders, found on decaying organic matter.

What cell type is kingdom Archaebacteria?

Unicellular

Is Kingdom Archaebacteria Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

Prokaryotic

Is Kingdom Archaebacteria Motile Or Sessile

Motile

Is Kingdom Archaebacteria heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Some species are heterotrophic, while others are autotrophic.

Does Kingdom Archaebacteria reproduce sexually or asexually?

Asexual

What cell type is Kingdom Eubacteria?

Unicellular

Is kingdom Eubacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Prokaryotic

Is Kingdom bacteria Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

Both!