Physical GEOL Final

___ is not an example of brittle deformation.

Folded Quartzite

Collision of oceanic and contiental plates result in formation of extensive fold-thrust belts with ___.

Magmatic Arcs or Volcanoes

Collision of two continental plates result in formation of extensive fold-thrust belts with ___.

Plateaus

Appalachian orogen is an example of ___.

Contient to continent collision in geologic past

Andes orogen is an example of ___.

Ocean to contient collision

Himalayan oregon is an example of ___.

Contient to contient collision

The ___ fold-thrust belt is characterized with a neighboring chain of volcanoes.

Andean

Orogenic Collapse

The act of hot rocks at the base of mountains moving outwards over time.

Mountains reflect a balance between ___ and ___.

Rock uplift and rock erosion

Fold-Thrust Belt

Deformation recorded over a geographic region in an orogen.

Given the West has an elevation of 6000, the Central 7000m, and the East 4000m, which has the thickest crustal root?

Central

Andes is produced by the subduction of the ___ plate under the ___ plate.

Oceanic Nazca, Continental South American

Himalaya is produced by the collision of the ___ plate and the ___ plate.

Continental Indian, Continental Asian

The axial plane ___.

Divides the fold symmetrically

Anticline

The part of the fold that closes up.

Syncline

The part of the fold that closes down.

Fold Axis

The line of intersection of axial plane and the folded surface.

The fold axis is also known as the ___.

Hinge Line

Section View

The side-side view of a geologic structure.

Map View

The top-down view of a geologic structure.

In an ___, the youngest rock lies in the center.

Syncline

In an ___, the oldest rock lies in the center.

Anticline

In a ___, the oldest rock lies in the center.

Dome

In a ___, the youngest rock lines in the center.

Basin

The depth at which transition from bittle to ductile deformation occurs inside the Earth is ___ to ___km.

10 to 15km

Given that ~500Ma fossil rocks are overlying ~200Ma fossil rocks, you’d suspect there is a ___ in the region.

Thrust-Fault

Law of Superposition

If naturally occuring, younger rocks will always overlay older rocks.

Slickenlines

Striations left behind on exposed fault surfaces due to movement.

Basin and Range Province is dominantly made up of ___ faults.

Normal

The type of force or stress involved in the development of the Basin and Range Province is ___.

Extensional

Basins and Ranges are also known as ___ and ___.

Grabens and Horsts

The Appalachian mountain belt is dominantly made up of ___ faults.

Thrust

___ faults transport older rocks on top of younger rocks.

Thrust

The San-Andreas fault is a ___ fault.

Right-Lateral Strike-Slip

Left-Lateral Strike-Slip Fault

Right-Lateral Strike-Slip Fault

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

Anticline

Syncline

The faults in this image are all ___ faults.

Normal

The Japanese word for harbor waves is ___.

Tsunami

Deep-focus EQs along convergent plate boundaries result from ___.

Mineral Phase Transformations

Most modern-day skyscrapers use ___ to neutralize seismic waves.

Tuned Mass Dampeners

Focus

The point inside the Earth where an EQ originates.

The 1811 New Madrid EQ was an ___ EQ.

Intraplate

The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster was caused by a ___.

Tsunami

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is offset by ___.

Strike-Slip Faults

The faults that offset mid-ocean ridges coincide with ___.

Transform Plate Boundaries

Divergent Plate Boundaries are characterized by ___ focus EQs.

Shallow

P-Waves vibrate:

Back and forth.

S-Waves vibrate:

Up and down.

R-Waves vibrate like:

Vertical Circles.

L-Waves vibrate like:

Snakes.

P and S waves only travel on the ___.

Surface

R and L Waves travel ___.

Through everything

The absolute value of an EQ is measured via the ___.

Amplitude

___ have the highest amplitude.

Surface Waves

___ cause the most damage.

Surface Waves

Richter Scale

Measures the magnitude.

Mercalli Scale

Measures the intensity.

The Incas used ___ geometry to EQ-proof their buildings.

Trapezoidal

___ have the highest velocity.

P-Waves

The difference in P and S-Wave arrival times corresponds to ___.

Distance from the epicenter