Comprehensive Guide to Computer Hardware and Troubleshooting for the CompTIA A+ Exam 220-1101

Number 2 Phillips screwdriver

A standard tool used for removing and installing screws in most computer cases and components.

Hemostat

A clamp-like instrument used for extracting small screws or components in tight spaces.

IC inserter

A tool designed to plug in integrated circuits (ICs) onto motherboards or circuit boards without damaging delicate pins.

iFixit tool

A versatile toolkit tailored for mobile devices, including pry tools and screwdrivers.

Spudgers

Thin, flat tools used for prying open devices and disconnecting delicate connectors without causing damage.

Pry bar

A tool used to split open devices such as iPhones or tablets, especially when clips or adhesive are involved.

Voltage tester / Voltohm meter

Devices used to test electrical inputs and ensure power is correctly supplied or to diagnose electrical issues safely.

Identify the problem

The first step in troubleshooting, which involves gathering information from the user and observing symptoms.

Establish a theory of probable cause

The second step in troubleshooting, hypothesizing potential causes based on the initial assessment.

Test the theory

The third step in troubleshooting, using appropriate tests or inspections to confirm or refute the hypothesis.

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

Handles rendering of images, videos, and 3D graphics; essential for gaming and graphical applications.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Provides temporary storage for active processes and influences system speed and multitasking capability.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The brain of the computer, executing instructions and managing operations.

Storage Drive

Stores the operating system, applications, and data; includes HDDs and SSDs.

Cooling System

Maintains optimal temperature for components, preventing overheating.

Machine language

The lowest-level programming language, using binary states: On = 1, Off = 0.

The clock

Synchronizes CPU operations and signals when to execute instructions.

Registers

Small storage locations within the CPU that hold data during processing.

Multiple cores

Several processing units on a single chip, allowing parallel execution of tasks.

ARM chips (Advanced RISC Machine)

Designed for low power consumption, used extensively in mobile devices.

32-bit CPUs (x86)

Handle data in 32-bit chunks, suitable for older systems and applications.

64-bit CPUs (x64)

Handle data in 64-bit chunks, supporting larger memory spaces.

K (CPU suffix)

Indicates unlocked processors that allow overclocking by increasing voltage and clock speed.

F (CPU suffix)

Denotes processors without integrated graphics, requiring a discrete GPU.

X (CPU suffix)

Refers to processors with higher base clock speeds for performance optimization.

G (CPU suffix)

Indicates processors that include integrated graphics.