Vet 300 Biology Terms & Definitions - Chapter 12 Study Aid

Reproductive system

Responsible for producing offsprings; need both male- and female-specific organs to complete offspring production

Theriogenology

used to describe animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts

Theri/o

Combining form for Beast

Gen/o

Combining form for Producing

-logy

Suffix for Study

Genitals or genitalia

reproductive organs (male or female)

Genit/o

Combining form for organs of reproduction

Scrotum, Scrotal sac

external pouch that encloses and supports the testes

Scrot/o

Combining form for Scrotum

Perineum (male)

Area between the scrotum and the anus in males

Perine/o

Combining form for perineum; area between scrotum (or vulva in the female) and anus

Testes or testicles

The male sex glands and produce spermatozoa

Testis

Single gland (testes is glands)

Gonads

Sex glands

Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

Combining forms for Testes

Seminiferous tubules

Coiled tubes contained in compartments of the testicle

Interstitial

Cells between the spaces in the testicle

Leydig's cells

Interstitial cells of the testes are called this; have endocrine functions

Sertoli cells

Specialized cells in the testes that support and nourish sperm growth

Sperm, spermatozoa

Male gametes, or sex cells

Spermatozoon

One gamete

Sperm/o, Spermat/o

Combining forms for spermatozoa

Acrosome

Head of spermatozoon; contains enzymes that allow the spermatozoon to penetrate skin

Spermatogenesis

production of male gametes

Epididymis

The tube at the upper part of each testis that secretes part of the semen, stores semen before ejaculation, and provides a passageway for sperm

Motile

Capable of spontaneous motion

Epididym/o

Combining form for epididymis

Ductus deferens

A tube connected to the epididymis that carries sperm into the pelvic region towards the urethra

Ampulla

Glandular portion of the ductus deferens in swine; an enlarged part of a tube or canal

Seminal vesicles or vesicular glands

Two glands that open into the ductus deferens where it joins the urethra

Semen

The ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and the secretion of the accessory sex glands

Semin/i

Combining form for Semen

Ejaculatory duct

The duct formed by union of the ductus deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle

Prostate gland

A single gland that surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on species

Prostat/o

Combining form for Prostate gland

bulbourethral glands

Two glands located on either side of the urethra

Cowper's glands

Bulbourethral gland in humans

Urethra

A two passing through the penis to the outside of the body; serves both reproductive and urinary systems

Urethr/o

Combining form for Urethra

Penis

The male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body

Prepuce (foreskin)

The retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis

Os penis

A bone encased in the penile tissue (in dogs)

Pen/i, Priap/o

Combining forms for Penis

Sigmoid flexure

"S" shaped bend in penis; straightens when erection in ruminants and swine

Ovaries

A small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen; female gut that produces estrogen, progesterone, and ova (eggs)

Ova (eggs)

Develop in ovaries and leave when it matures

Graafian follicle

Small sacs in ovaries

Ovari/o, Oophor/o

Combining forms for Female gonad

Oo/o, ov/i, and ov/o

Egg

Oocyte

Egg cell

Uterine tubes, oviducts, fallopian tubes

Pair tubes that extend from the cranial portion of the uterus to the ovary

Salping/o

Combining form for Uterine tube; means tube

infundibulum

Funnel shape opening on the distal end of each uterine tube

Fimbriae

Frigid extensions that catch ova when they leave the ovary in the Infundibulum

Fertilization

Occurs in the uterine tube, when eggs and sperm meet

Uterus

A thick walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucus membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females; has 3 parts cornus, corpus, and cervix and 3 major tissue types peri, myo, and endo metrium

Hyster/o, metri/o, uter/o

Combining forms for Uterus

Cornus

Horn. The cranial end of the uterus has two horns that travel toward the uterine tubes

Cornu

Horn

Bicornuate

two large, well-defined uterine horns

Corpus

Body. The middle portion of the uterus

Corpu

Body

Cervix

Neck. The caudal portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina.

Cervic/o

Combining form for Neck

Perimetrium

membranous outer layer of the uterus

Peri-

Prefix for Surrounding

Myometrium

Muscular middle layer of uterus

My/o

Combining form for Muscle

Endometrium

Inner layer of the uterus

Endo-

Within

Cervix

The caudal continuation of the uterus and marks the cranial extent of the vagina; contains sphincters; prevent foreign substances from entering the uterus

Sphincters

Ringlike smooth muscle contained in the cervix

Cervic/o

Combining form for Neck or necklike structure

Vagina

The muscular tube lined with mucus that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body

Colp/o, Vagin/o

Combining forms for Vagina

Hymen

Membranous fold of tissue that partially or completely covers the external vaginal orifice

Orifice

An entrance or outlet from a body cavity

Vulva (pudendum)

The female external genitalia; external opening to the urogenital tract and consist of the vaginal orifice, vestibular glands, clitoris, hymen, and urethral orifice

Vulv/o, Episi/o

Combining forms for Vulva

Perineum (female)

The region between the vaginal orifice and anus in females

Labia

The fleshy borders or edges of the vulva and our occasionally called lips

Vaginal orifice

The entrance from the vagina to the outside of the body

vestibular glands or Bartholin's glands (in primates)

Found in Beauvine, feline, and occasionally ovine species. Secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina.

Clitoris

The sensitive erectile tissue of females located in the ventral portion of the vulva

Urethral orifice

Found where the vagina and vulva join and is sometimes associated with a vestigial hymen

Mammary glands (mammae)

Milk producing glands in females; in Littering species, these structures are usually paired

Udder

mammary gland in large animals, in inguinal area

Teat

Nipple area in large animals

Quarters

the four mammae in cows

Alveoli

Milk secreting sacs in mammary gland lobes

Lactiferous duct

Duct that drains the milk from lobe to teat or papilla

Lact/i

Combining form for Milk

Lactiferous sinus

composed of the gland cistern (within the gland) and the teat cistern (within the teat)

Papillary duct (streak canal)

where milk empties from the teat cistern

Mamm/o, Mast/o

Combining forms for Mammary gland

Estrous cycle (heat cycle)

Occurs at the onset of puberty and continues through an animals life

Ovulation, heat, standing heat

When the Graafian follicle ruptures this process starts; The ovum is expelled from the ovary into the uterine tube, the ruptured follicular continues to grow and becomes filled with a yellow substance

Corpus luteum (CL) (yellow body)

Yellow ruptured follicle

Follicular phase

Stage in the estrous cycle in which the Graafian follicle is present

Luteal phase

The stage of the estrous cycle in which the corpus luteum is present