Data Analytics - Week 3

These flashcards cover key concepts related to distributed database management systems, focusing on relational and NoSQL databases, including essential definitions and characteristics.

Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

A database management system that is based on the relational model; it organizes data into tables with predefined schemas.

Analytics Hardware

Technology that scales out horizontally to support big data analysis, often not native to traditional relational databases.

ACID transactions

A set of properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) that guarantee reliable processing of database transactions.

Schema on Write

A database schema that requires a predefined structure before data can be written, typically associated with traditional RDBMS.

Schema on Read

Allows for data to be stored without predefined schemas, enabling quick writes and retrieval, common in NoSQL databases.

Distributed Database

A database that consists of data stored in multiple locations, ensuring system availability and redundancy.

Scaling

The capability of a database to expand its resources to accommodate increased load, typically classified as horizontal or vertical scaling.

CAP Theorem

A principle stating that in a distributed data store, it is impossible to simultaneously guarantee all three properties: Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance.

Partition Tolerance

The ability of a system to continue operating despite network partitions that prevent some nodes from communicating.

Horizontal Scaling

Adding more machines to a system or database cluster to handle increased demand; preferable for distributed databases.

Replica Set

A group of MongoDB servers that maintain the same data set, ensuring redundancy and high availability.

MongoDB

A document-oriented NoSQL database that uses a flexible schema, allowing storage of semi-structured data in JSON-like documents.

Sharding

The process of distributing data across multiple machines to ensure efficiency and balance load in a database.

Data Normalization

A process in relational databases of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

Key-Value Store

A type of NoSQL database that uses a simple key-value pair as the primary data model.