Rome test global

What did Romans create?

The largest land empire in the ancient world

Where is Rome located?

In the middle of the peninsula of Italy on the Tiber river

Trade benefits

It was surrounded by the Mediterranean

What was the land like

Valley, low mountains made it easier to unify the peninsula

When was Rome founded

753 BC

How long did they have an empire for?

250 years

When did they come up with a new form of government?

500 BC

What kind of government was it?

Representitive democracy

Patricians

Upper class, wealthy land owners, have all power in gov.

plebeians

Merchants, farmers, tradesmen. Majority of the population

Roman republic

New post king system of government called a republic

What is a republic

When people act officials and they are chosen to elect people on their behalf

Senate

Most powerful governing body in rome

How many ppl in the senate

300

Dictator

Someone who is given complete power of government in times of war(for 6 months)

Tribunes

Plebians eventually given a say in government because of a revolt

Veto power

Plebs now had the ability to block laws that were harmful

What did soldiers return from war to?

Their land being destroyed and they were in severe debt w/ no economic future

Who had veto power?

Consuls and tribunes

When did Romans take over the entire Italian Peninsula?

270 BC

Legion

Unit of 5000 men

What were some conquered ppl given?

Full Roman citizen ship

When were the Punic wars

264-146 BC

What were the Punic wars?

Series of three wars that Rome fought to take control of the cathaginian trade empire in Europe

Who won all three Punic wars

Rome

Where was Carthage?

North Africa

Hannibal

Young leader of Carthage

What did Hannibal do?

He vowed to destroy Rome

What set backs did Hannibal have?

He lost half of his army and most of his elephants, but he wins the battle anyway

What war was the Hannibal thing?

Second Punic war

What did Hannibal do in Italy?

He spends 15 years in Italy and he’s never able to take Rome

What happend after the third Punic war

All are sold into slavery, cities burned, and the land is destroyed by salt

Result of the third Punic war

Rome takes part of Africa and becomes masters of the Mediterranean

Corruption and reform

Too much wealth and power will create a small wealthy upper class and a very large lower class

What happened to the slaves captured in the war?

They take the jobs of the poor, who then become unemployed

Who are Tiberius and Galus Gracchus

Brothers who are elected tribunes to the Senate

What did Tiberius and Galus do for the poor?

Attempted to make reforms and secure more land, food and rights

How are Tiberius and Galus Gracchus killed

In street violence by senators, who see them as a threat to the order of society

Civil War

War between people of the same country

Julius Caesar

Brilliant general of the Roman army, who will take absolute control of Rome

When Julie Caesar was the leader, what happened in regards to war

They spent nine years in constant warfare

What did Cesar conquer?

Gaul(France)

What is Cesar told by a Senate?

To return to Rome immediately because that senator was fearful of his power

Rubicon

Border between Italy and Gaul(France)

What does Cesar do once he returns to Rome?

He makes the Senate named him dictator and takes complete control of the Roman empire

When did Cesar take complete control of the Roman empire

44 bc

What are some forms Caesar made to Rome?

1) gave land to the poor

2) Gave citizenship to more people

3)Creates “Julian” calendar based on the Egyptian calendar

Which month is named after Caesar

July

Who did Julius Caesar reforms anger?

The rich because they felt like he was ruining rome

When were the Ides of March?

March 15, 44BC

How long did Cesar rule for as dictator?

5 yrs

What happened to Cesar?

he was stabbed to death by the Senate

What happened after Caesar is killed

Rome becomes an empire of that last for 500 years

Who was Octavian Augustus?

The first true Emperor of Rome

Augustus meaning

Exalted one

What did Octavian Augustus do?

Created a strong organized government where he gave jobs based on ability and not social class

Pax Romana

200 year period of peace, order and unity

Overall achievement of Rome

Developed unique, art, architecture, engineering, and law

Aquaduct

Bridge like structure that carried freshwater downhill to cities

Civil laws

Law dealing with every day life

What was Rome’s most influential achievements?

Civil laws

12 tables

12 stone tablets covered with laws of Rome and placed in public

What was the point of the 12 tables?

So people could see the laws for themselves and understand their rights