APUSH Unit 2 terms list (copy)

John Rolfe

John Rolfe

His introduction of orinoco tobacco into the jamestown colonies along with marrying pocahontas. Important because he helped jamestown profit off of a better tobacco plant

Headright system

50 acres of land granted to someone who paid for an immigrant passage, it benefited the rich. Important because it caused a growth in plantations and people willing to colonize america

Middle passage

The slave trade route across the atlantic from africa to the americas. Important because this was the primary route for slaves to go to america, which provided cheap, easy labor, but also racism against people of color

John Calvin

Religious figure who started calvinism, an emphasis on predestination. Important because calvinism, specifically predestination was a major influence for the puritan religion which trickled into the americas

Indian War of 1622

One third of jamestownians were killed in this war, it caused a retaliation from the english. Important because it exposed the tension between natives and jamestownians

Toleration act of 1649

Granted religious freedom to christians (particularly catholics). Important because it gave catholics a safe haven along with other christians, but also emphasizes the discrimination of non christian religions

Indentured Servitude

Someone who is poor or in debt can work 4-5 years in the colonies for a landowner in exchange for freedom after they complete their work. Important because it provided more labor for the colonies, but after it became less effective, led to rebellions and transitioned into slavery.

Great migration

Refers to when the puritans travelled to the new england colonies. Important because puritans establish some of the first colonies in america.

Puritans

Came to america seeking to establish their own church that they think is better than england. Important because they are a major part of colonizing new england, and influence a lot of the american values today.

Pilgrims

Some of the first colonists, settled in plymouth in 1620, were more like separatists, wanted to create a whole new church separate from england. Important because they helped establish the mayflower compact, which is one of the first forms of self government, along with one of the first colonies

Congregational church

Protestant church system used by puritans in massachusets bay colony. Decentralized churches focus on more local communities. Important because it contrasted the church of england by being decentralized and more local, while england was more central with only one church having control over everything.

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged puritan leaders and introduced antinominism, which emphasized a personal relation with god.. Important because challenged puritan values along with gender roles, pushing the limits for what is correct

Pequot war

Fought between natives and settlers from the massachusets bay area. Important because emphasized tension between colonists and natives

Bacon’s rebellion

Rebellion by poor farmers who wanted more rights in jamestown, almost took over and burned down james town. Important because shift away from indentured servants and gave britain a reason to take control of the colonies.

John Smith

Saved jamestown from failing by making people need to work in order to eat and starting the headright system. Important because he was able to keep jamestown from dying

House of Burgesses

One of the first representative governments, elected officials, however only rich landowners who were men could vote, and it was in virginia. Important because it was first representative government

Lord Baltimore

Set up the maryland colony. Had two goals, wealth through growing tobacco and providing a safe haven for catholics, later making act of toleration. Important because he helped set up one of the first colonies and provided religious toleration to catholics.

John Winthrop

Founded the massachusets bay colony. Had a vision that it would be the city on a hill, setting it as the gold standard. Emphasized strict puritan values. Important because set up massachusets bay colony and established religious toleration for christians, but very strict values.

Mayflower compact

First form of self government established by the pilgrims in 1620. Important because it’s foundational for modern day government, like the first step to greatness.

William bradford

Governed the plymouth colony and was one of the original colonists. Important because he took charge and made the self government work

Roger williams

Banned from massachusets for opposing religious views, established rhode island, with religious toleration, separation from church and state, and treated natives like humans. Important because established rhode island and provided more rights

Fundamental orders of connecticut

First constitution established in 1639. LImited government, elected reps, and church and state separate. Important because first constitution

Iroquois confederation

a confederation consisting of tribes and indigenous peoples originally from new york. It was important because it made peace between the native tribes in new york.

Metacom/king philip

Ruler of the wampanoag. Was killed in war named after him, Important because the wampanoag were not a threat after his murder

William berkeley

Was jamestown governor and limited land to a line because of natives. Harsh treatment of poor farmers led to bacon’s rebellion. Important because took part in early representative government and causes major rebellion from poor ruling.

royal colony

A colony that is taken control by the crown. Important because the crown taking control of colonies will eventually lead to revolution.