Community Health Exam 3

minority health

the morbidity and mortality of American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, African Americans, and Hispanics in the United States

health disparities

a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

HP 2030 Goal

to eliminate disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations in six areas

• infant mortality

• cancer screening/management

• cardiovascular disease and stroke

• diabetes

• HIV/AIDS

• immunization

culture shock

the degree to which a person feels trauma related to being exposed to a new culture

phases of culture shock

• honeymoon phase

• frustration phase

• adjustment phase

• adaptation/acceptance phase

race

categorization of parts of a population based on physical appearance due to particular historical, social, and political forces

ethnicity

subcultural group within a multicultural society

hispanics

an ethnicity, largest minority group in U.S., lowest education, low income, and good health is seen as a matter of fortune from God for good behavior

african americans

2nd largest minority group in U.S., more than ½ live in southern states, lower graduation rates than average, lowest median income of any group, distrust government

asian americans

people who trace their roots to more than 20 different asian countries, higher than average education and income, and balance is related to health, and imbalance is related to disease

native hawaiian/other pacific islanders

peoples from hawaii, guam, samoa, or other pacific islands, lower education and income than average, and believe that healers should not get paid

american indians/alaska natives

relatively poor health status, many different tribal groups

indian health services (IHS)

responsible for federal health services to native americans and alaska natives, with the goal to raise health status to highest possible level

middle eastern and north african americans

not considered a unique racial group according to U.S. government

sexual orientation

an inherent enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to other people

gender identity

an individual’s innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend, or neither; how people perceive themselves and what they call themselves

gender expression

the outward or external appearance of an individual’s gender identity, usually expressed through behavior, clothing, appearance, which may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics

intersectionality

how race, class, gender, and other individual characteristics “intersect” with one another and overlap

refugees

people who flee their homes due to danger

immigrants

people living in a country other than that of their birth

bias

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another; can be unconscious or implicit

seven steps to manage implicit bias

• acknowledge bias

• challenge current negative biases

• be empathetic

• see differences

• be an ally

• recognize this is stressful and painful

• engage in dialogue

ethnocentrism

the notion that one’s own culture, its customs and practices, are superior to those of another

mental illness

refers to all diagnosable mental disorders and the leading cause of disability in North America and Europe

mental health

state of successful performance of mental function

mental disorders

health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning

stress

one’s psychological and physiological response to stressors

the moral treatment era

the era in which there was a belief that environmental changes can affect the mind and alter behavior

national mental health act of 1946

established a national institute of mental health to aid research and help treat neuropsychiatric disorders

deinstitutionalization

discharging of thousands of patients from state mental hospitals that began in 1950s

prevention of mental disorders

• primary - reduce incidence of mental illness and related problems

• secondary - reduces prevalence by shortening duration of episodes

• tertiary - treatment and rehabilitation

psychopharmacological therapy

treatment of mental disorders with medication

psychotherapy

treatment of mental disorders through verbal communication

cognitive-behavioral therapy

patient learns skills to modify thinking and behavior

self-help groups

concerned members of the community who are united by a shared interest, concern, or deficit not shared by other members of the community (examples: NAMI, AA, NA)

parity

concept of equality in healthcare coverage for people with mental illness and those with other medical issues or injuries

21st century cures act (2016)

provided funds for:

• suicide screening

• crisis intervention teams

• assisted outpatient treatment

• mental health courts