Biol 1011 Plants Lecture 4

Plant structure

The physical arrangement and organization of plant parts.

Cell types

Different types of cells found in plants, such as dermal cells, ground cells, and vascular cells.

Primary growth

The growth of a plant in length, primarily driven by the activity of meristems.

Shoot growth

The growth of the above-ground parts of a plant, including stems, leaves, and flowers.

Root growth

The growth of the below-ground parts of a plant, including roots.

Vascular tissue

The tissue responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.

Xylem

The vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

The vascular tissue that transports sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Ground tissue

The tissue that fills the space between the dermal and vascular tissues and performs various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and support.

Parenchyma

A type of ground tissue that is involved in various metabolic processes and often lacks a secondary cell wall.

Collenchyma

A type of ground tissue that provides support to young and growing organs.

Sclerenchyma

A type of ground tissue that provides support and protection to tissues that are no longer elongating.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of cells in leaves, stems, and roots that functions in waterproofing and protection.

Trichomes

Hair-like structures on the epidermis that serve various functions such as protection and gas exchange.

Nectary

A specialized structure in flowers that produces nectar, a sugary substance that attracts pollinators.

Cuticle

A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells that helps prevent water loss and protects against pathogens and UV radiation.

Lignin

A complex organic polymer found in cell walls that provides strength and rigidity to plant tissues.

Tracheids

Water-conducting cells in xylem that have tapered ends and are dead at maturity.

Vessel elements

Water-conducting cells in xylem that have perforated end walls and are dead at maturity.

Sieve elements

Sugar-conducting cells in phloem that transport sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant.

Meristems

Regions of actively dividing cells in plants that give rise to new cells and contribute to plant growth.

Apical meristems

Meristems located at the tips of roots and shoots that are responsible for primary growth.

Lateral meristems

Meristems that are responsible for secondary growth, such as the vascular cambium and cork cambium.

Eudicot

A type of flowering plant characterized by having two cotyledons in its seed.

Monocot

A type of flowering plant characterized by having one cotyledon in its seed.

Phloem

The tissue in plants that transports sugars and other organic compounds.

Xylem

The tissue in plants that transports water and minerals.

Sclerenchyma

A type of plant tissue that provides support and strength.

Ground tissue

The tissue in plants that fills the space between the dermal and vascular tissues.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of cells in plants.

Cortex

The region of tissue between the epidermis and the vascular tissue in plant roots and stems.

Vascular bundles

Groups of xylem and phloem tissues in plants.

Root apical meristem

The region of cell division and growth at the tip of a plant root.

Longitudinal view of root

A visual representation of the internal structure of a plant root.

Root cap

The protective structure at the tip of a plant root.

Zone of Root hair maturation

The region of a plant root where root hairs develop and mature.

Dermal

Relating to the outer layer of cells in plants.

Vascular primar

The primary vascular tissue in plants.

Zone of elongation

The region of a plant root where cells elongate and increase in length.

Root hairs

Tiny hair-like structures that increase the surface area of plant roots for absorption.

Stele

The central cylinder of vascular tissue in plant roots and stems.

Protoderm

The primary meristem that gives rise to the epidermis in plants.

Endodermis

The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots.

Pericycle

The outermost layer of cells in the vascular cylinder of plant roots.

Xylem

The tissue in plants that transports water and minerals.

Root cap

The protective structure at the tip of a plant root.