CPI Prelims

Unit and Miscellaneous Processes

Kraft Process

manufacture of paper from pulp employing the Foudrinier machine

Bosch Process

method of recovering hydrogen from water gas; carbon monoxide is reacted with steam at 500°C in the presence of catalyst to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen

Kraft Process

manufacture of paper from pulp employing the Foudrinier machine

Bosch Process

method of recovering hydrogen from water gas; carbon monoxide is reacted with steam at 500°C in the presence of catalyst to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen

Hoepener process

recovering copper from its sulfide ores by leaching with cupric and sodium or calcium chloride solution and electrolyzing the resulting cuprous chloride liquor in cells with impure copper anodes protected by diaphragms the electrolytic byproduct cupric chloride is returned for further leaching

Holloway process

copper or iron sulfides you fused and blown with air to burn out the sulfur content

Barff process

formation a rust resistant coating on iron; base metal by oxidation with superheated steam

Carinthian process

process for reduction of lead ores; small charge is roasted slowly at a low temp, the lead being collected outside the furnace by means of a heat

cyanidation process

method of recovering gold and silver from their ores into a soluble form by treatment with cyanides

Babbyry Process

rubber reclaiming process and vulcanized scraps are introduced into a mixture where in the presence of air it is worked under pressure and at high temperature for a very short time

Dennis Bull Process

sulfonation and extraction process in the manufacture of phenol

Solvay Process

soda ash manufacture

Habel-Bosch Process

production of ammonia by direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen at 600°C and under 200 to 300 atmospheric pressure in the presence of catalyst

Frasch Process

the process of recovering sulfur from the buried porous rock of a salt Dome and delivering it above ground as a product of suitable purity and condition for use

Hall's Process

extraction of aluminum from bauxite

Alkylation

addition of alkyl radical (-CH3) with side chain final product

Amination by Ammonolysis

+4NH3

Amination by Reduction

+3H2

Ammonoxidation

+NH3 + 1.5O2

Calcination

ex. limestone + heat -> lime + CO2

Carbonylation

+CO

Carboxylation

+CO2 (pressure)

Combustion

+2O2

Condensation

(NaOH) -> product + water

Cracking or Pyrolysis

C6 -> C4 + C2

Cyanidation or Cyanation

+HCN

Cyclization

C6 -> cyclohexane +H2

Dehydration

ex. ethanol -> ethylene + H2O

Dehydrogenation

ex. 1-butene -> 1,3-butadiene +H2

Diazotization and Coupling

product is R-N=N-R(given)

Disproportionation

ex. 2propylene -> ethylene + butylene

Double Decomposition (Metathesis)

ex. Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 -> CaSO4 + 2H2O

Esterification

Alcohol + Organic Acid >> Ester + Water

Halogenation

Cl₂ -> R-Cl

Hydration

ex. R + H₂O -> R-OH

Hydroformylation

+CO + H₂

Hydrogenation

R-CH=CH-R + H₂ -> R-CH2-CH2-R

Hydrolysis

R-benzene + H2O -> phenol +HR

Hydroxylation

+R-CH₂-OH

Isomerization

butane -> isobutane

Nitration

+HNO₃

Oligomerization

ex. 3 1,3-butadiene -> 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene

Oxidation

+n O₂

Polymerization

Addition and Condensation

Reduction

ex. 3TiCl4 + Al -> 3TiCL3 + AlCl3

Sulfonation

+H2SO4

Thionation

+2 S