Thyroid Disorders and Related Conditions

These flashcards capture key terms and definitions related to thyroid disorders, including signs, symptoms, treatment options, and underlying pathophysiology.

Hypothyroidism

A condition where the thyroid gland is underactive, resulting in insufficient production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4.

Hyperthyroidism

A state where the thyroid gland is overactive, producing excessive amounts of T3 and T4.

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

Calcitonin

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.

Graves’ Disease

An autoimmune disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, characterized by the excessive production of thyroid hormones.

Myxedema Coma

A life-threatening condition resulting from severe hypothyroidism, leading to decreased body temperature, heart rate, and mental status.

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A medication used to treat hypothyroidism by providing synthetic thyroid hormones.

Hypocalcemia

Low levels of calcium in the blood, sometimes occurring after thyroid surgery.

Thyroid Storm

A severe condition characterized by an extreme overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, and delirium.

Antithyroid Medications

Drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones, such as Methimazole and Propylthiouracil.

Negative Feedback Loop

A regulatory mechanism in which an increase in hormone levels leads to a decrease in further hormone production to maintain balance.