CPU

CPU + Functions for Leaving Cert Higher Level Computer Science

CPU

The main processor of a computer that carries out most processing and computing tasks

Motherboard

The main circuit board that holds the CPU and connects it to other components

Functions of the CPU

Executes instructions from memory,
performs arithmetic and logic operations,
controls input and output

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic operations and logical comparisons

Control Unit (CU)

Part of the CPU that fetches decodes and executes instructions by coordinating other components

Cache

Small high-speed memory that stores frequently used data and instructions for quick CPU access

Registers

Small temporary storage locations inside the CPU holding data and instructions currently being processed

Bus

Set of pathways that allow data signals and power to travel between the CPU and other components

Clock

Component that provides timing signals to synchronize CPU and system operations

Fetch-Execute Cycle

The repeated process the CPU uses to run programs by fetching decoding and executing instructions

Fetch Stage

CPU retrieves an instruction from memory using the address stored in the program counter

Execute Stage

CPU decodes the instruction and performs the required operation

Program Counter (PC)

Register that stores the memory address of the next instruction to be executed

Memory Address Register (MAR)

Register that holds the memory address of data the CPU wants to access or modify

Von Neumann Architecture

Computer architecture where instructions and data share the same memory and bus

Harvard Architecture

Computer architecture where instructions and data use separate memories and buses

Von Neumann vs Harvard Architecture

Harvard uses separate instruction and data memories(Above)
Von Neumann uses shared memory(below)