Identifying and Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination

stereotype

a generalized belief about a particular category of people

confirmation bias

a tendency to search and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypothesis

belief perserverance

the tendency to hold onto one's beliefs even after they have been proven to be false

self fulfilling prophecy

when a belief about a situation or a person leads to actions that make the belief come true

prejudice

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

implicit attitudes

unconscious belief or feeling that influences a person's behavior and perceptions without their awareness

just world phenomenon

a belief that the world is fundamentally fair, leading people to rationalize injustice or misfortune as deserved

out group homogeneity bias

the tendency to see members of an out group (a group other than your own) as more similar to each other than they are

in group bias

the tendency to favor and extend loyalty to members of one's own group, often leading to preferential treatment

mere exposure effect

the phenomenon where repeated exposure to a stimulus increases an individual's preference for that stimulus

ethnocentrism

the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture

collectivism

a cultural value that emphasized the importance of the group or community over individual goals and desires

multiculturalism

the view that promotes the acknowledgment and respect of diverse cultural backgrounds and traditions

superordinate goals

shared goals that require cooperation among individuals or group

social types

situations in which individuals or groups pursue immediate rewards that later prove to have negtive consequences