Fusion Processes in Stars

Proton Proton Chain (Sun-like stars)

• Hydrogen → Helium processes through several fusion steps.

• Releases gamma rays and energy.

Triple Alpha Process (Red Giants)

• 3 Helium nuclei (alpha particles) →
  Carbon-12.

• Happens when hydrogen runs out, and the star expands.

Alpha Ladder Fusion

• Heavier elements form by adding Helium nuclei (alpha particles):
  0 + He → Ne

• C+ He → O
  Ne + He → Mg

• Continues until forming Iron (Fe).

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