Maths advanced

Biology quick memorise

what does the cell membrane do?

recognises hormones, receptor sites, and transports proteins and enzymes

what does the cell wall do?

protection against pathogens, and provides structual support and shape

What does the cytoplasm do?

houses organelles

what does the rybosome do?

protein synthesis

what do chloroplast do?

performes photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose and oxygen to fuel plants

what does mitochondria do?

generates over 90% of cellular energy

what does the vacuole do?

waste disposal, and storage.

what does the lysosome do?

recycling center, waste disposal

waht does the nucleus do?

houses DNA, gene expression, regulates growth such as metabolism

what does the peroxisome do?

ANOTHER WORD FOR PHOSPHOLIPID BIOLAYER, controls what enters and exits the cell

what does the golgi apparstus do?

process - package - ship

smooth ER

detoxification of drugs

rough ER

protein production

osmosis

the spontaneous movement of WATER molecules through a semipermible membrane from a region of HIGHER water concentration to a region of LOWER water concentration

diffusion

the MOVEMENT of atoms, ions, or molecules from a region of higher comcentration to a region of lower concentration.

active transport

Uses protein pumps to go against the concentration gradient using energy.

what does it mean when using passive transport to describe a way of transportation in a cell?

DO NOT need energy to transport (e.g diffusion and osmosis)

what does it mean when using endocytosis to describe a way of transportation in a cell?

enters the cell

what does it mean when using exocitosis to describe a way of transportation in a cell?

exits the cell

define HYPERTONIC

occurs when a cell is placed in a solution of lower concentration than its interior, causing a net influx in the cell.

define ISOTONIC

occurs when a cell is placed in a solution with the SAME concentration as its interior, resulting in a STABLE cell.

define HYPERTONIC

occurs when a cell is placed in a solution that has a HIGHER concentration than its interior, causing the cell to shrink.

define NET INFLUX

the overall movement of water molecules into a cell through the semipermible membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.