1865-1877 Reconstruction

What was Lincoln’s role in Reconstruction? 1861-1865

1864- 10% plan- allegiance, support congress and AA vote. Louisiana admitted. Congress intro’d Wade Davis (50%) Lincoln vetoed. 1865=Freedmen’s bureau. Assassinated April 1865

What was Johnson’s role in Reconstruction? 1865-1869

Accepted Wade-Davis bill. Agreed for elections by 1860 white electorate.

1866- congress overturns Johnson’s veto of Civil Rights Bill

All ex-confed states reject 14th amendment- Radical Reconstruction is started. Military Reconstruction Bill 1867, Command of the Army Act, Tenure of Office Act.

1868- Johnson impeached.

What was Grant’s role in Reconstruction? 1869-1877

Favourable of firm treatment of the south. Carpetbaggers- northern govt officials in the south. Scalawags- Southern white Republicans

1869= 15th amendment

What were Grant’s scandals?

Black Friday: James Fisk and Jay Gould attempted to manipulate Gold Market resulting in financial panic September 1969. Personal associations to Grant

Whiskey Ring: a number of distillers, distributors and public officials conspired to defraud the govt’ of millions of tax revenue. Grant’s private sec Orville Babcock was involved.

How did Reconstruction end?

The Election of 1876 and Compromise of 1877. Opposition won more popular vote, secret deal between Reps and Dems that Hayes would be accepted if he withdrew troops and carpetbaggers.

What were the political impacts of reconstruction?

South lost political autonomy until 1877. From 1865-1914 only 1 Southern president and only 7 Southern SC judges. Southerners felt politically distanced from Washington DC.

What were the economic impacts of Reconstruction?

In the late 1860s/early 70s the South benefitted from high cotton prices- railroads built and textile manufacturing expanded.

1870s saw cotton prices fall. South remained economically depressed compared to the North.

How did Reconstruction impact African Americans politically?

2 black senators and 20 black representatives elected to congress.

However, political minority in many states and KKK terrorised many into not voting through lynchings and beatings

How did Reconstruction impact African Americans socially?

Employment- little or no land, sharecroppers faced economic hardship when prices fell. Black institutions meant AAs could lead and manage- doctors, lawyers, teachers.

Segregation and Jim Crow laws introduced- facilities were inferior to white counterparts.