PERIODIC TRENDS AND CHEMICAL BOND

ATOMIC RADIUS

size of the atom

1⁄2 the distance between 2 nuclei of two adjacent atoms.

IONIZATION ENERGY

minimum energy required to remove an

electron from an isolated atom or ion in its

ground state.

ELECTRON AFFINITY

energy released or absorbed when an electron

is added to a gaseous neutral atom in its

ground state

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

reflects how strongly an atom attracts a shared pair of electrons

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to combine to attain stable electron configuration.

IONIC BOND

formed by attraction between ions of opposite charge.

COVALENT BOND

formed by sharing electrons

non-metals to nonmetals

Two Types

1. Non-Polar

2. Polar

Example:

Cl-Cl H2O

H-H NH3

H-Cl CH4

Non-polar Covalent Bond

→equal sharing of electrons

→bond is formed between identical

atoms

→EN difference is between 0-0.4

Polar Covalent Bond

→ unequal sharing of electrons

→EN difference is between 0.5-1.7

left and down

Atomic Radius increases as you go in what direct?

Up and right

Electronegativity, Electron Affinity, and Ionization Energy increases when you go in what direction?