Health Unit 3: SAC 1

Health and wellebing

state of a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existance and is characterised by an equilibrum in which the individual feels happy healthy, capable and engaged.

Physical hwb

the functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capasity to perform daily tasks

- appropriate levels of fitness

- complete physical tasks adequatley

- free from illness, disease, injury

- adequte energy levels

- healthy body weight

Social hwb

the abilility to form meaningful satisfying relationships and manage/ adapt appropriatly to social situations

- supportive network of friends

- supportive & well-functioning family

- effective communication

Spiritual hwb

ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and concience of individuals

- a sense of belonging

- positive meaning and purpose in life

- peace and harmony

Emotional hwb

the ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express emotions as well as the ability to display resilience

- recognise and understand the range of emotions

- effectivly respond and manage emotions

- have high levels of resilience

Mental hwb

Relates to the state of a person's mind or brain and relates to the ability to think and process information

- low levels of stress and anxiety

- positive thought patterns

- positive self-esteen

- high levels of confidence

Health Status

An individual's or a population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

Burden of Disease

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.

Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death (YLL) and time lived with illness, disease or injury (YDL)

Year of Life Lost due to Disability (YLD)

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability

Years of life lost (YLL)

A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health.

It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

Life Expectancy

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Maternal Mortality Rate

The dealth of a mother during pregnancy childbirth or within six weeks of delivery per 100,000 births

Infant Mortality Rate

The rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday per 1000 births

Under 5 mortality rate

The rate of deaths occuring in children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births

Mortality

Death in an individual or the level of death in a population or group.

Morbidity

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.

Incidence

The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time normally within 12 months

Prevelance

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a period of time.

Self-assessed health status

A measure based on a person's own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general.

It is commonly sourced from population surveys.

Illness

Ilness is a subjective concept related to personal experiences of a disease

Disease

Disease relates to physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, disfunction or tissue damage

Communicable Disease

Diseases and infectious diseases which are spread from the environment or other organisms (humans)

- Hepatitis

- HIV/AIDS

- Malaria

Non-communicable disease

Also known as chronic diseases (long duration) and are results of genetic, physiological, environmental & behavioural

Not transmitted between individuals

-Cancer

- Diabeates

- Mental health issues

Health as a resource individually

- work productivly

- gain a income

- excercise

- spend time with friends

- effectivly run a household

- sleep well

Health as a resource nationally

Refer to the country nationally 

- increaced social participation

- reduced stress and anxiety in the community

- health system savings

- increased productivity

Health as a resource globally

Refer to the world on a global scale 

reduced risk of disease transmission between countries

- reduced risk of transmittion of disease between countries

- peace and stability

- sustainability

- social development

Dynamic

Constantly changing

Subjective

Different opinions to different people

Optimal hwb

highest level of the 5 dimensions of hwb a person can individually achive