Lecture 26: Influenza Vaccines

Three types of influenza affect humans:

A, B, and C

_____________ subtypes are determined by hemagglutinin and neurominidase

type A

_____________ is classified into two lineages which are B/Yamagata and B/Victoria

Type B

_____________ is rarely reported in cause of human illness

type C

Attaches and penetrates _____________ _____________ in trachea or bronchi

respiratory epithelium

Replication results in the _____________ of host cells

destruction

Receptor engagement leads to activation of _____________, _____________, and _____________ transcription factors

IRF3, IRF7, and NF-kB

Antigen specific CD* T cells use _____________ _____________ and _____________ _____________ to eliminate infected cells

cytotoxic granules; FasL-mediated apoptosis

CD4 T cells trigger _____________ _____________ and promote _____________ _____________ to neutralize virus

B cell activation; antibody production

Rapid and prominent _____________ recall are important for early recovery from severe influenza

CD8 CTL

Why do we get our flu shot every year?

antigenic shift and drift

_____________ _____________ is from animals to humans

zoonotic transmission

Within these reservoirs, IAV is capable of _____________

reassortment

_____________ is the swapping of gene segments to generate a new virus

reassortment

_____________ _____________ is when two viruses come together to make a whole new virus

antigenic shift

_____________ _____________ is where there is an accumulation of mutations over time

antigenic drift

Can flu vaccines give you the flu?

no

Recombinant vaccines only include the _____________ protein

hemagglutinin

Who tries to predict the strains that will dominate the next year?

WHO/CDC

How does the CDC calculate effectiveness?

Influenza vaccine effectiveness network

Antibodies against one strain of influenza may offer _____________ _____________ against releated strains

cross protection

What two types of vaccines are available for flu?

inactivated and recombinant

Are CD4 or CD8 crucial for eliminating infected cells and neutralizing virus

CD8