Ophthalmic Terminology and Conditions

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to ophthalmic conditions and terminology.

Diabetic retinopathy

A degenerative disease of the retina due to diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina.

Exotropia

Turning outward of the eyes.

Keratitis

An inflammation or infection of the cornea.

Miosis

Constriction of the pupil.

Mydriasis

Dilation of the pupil.

Nystagmus

Rapid involuntary movement of the eyeballs, possibly caused by a disease of the central nervous system.

Otalgia

Earache or pain in the ear.

Photophobia

Abnormal visual intolerance to light.

Ptosis

Falling or drooping of the eyelid.

Retinoblastoma

A tumor arising from immature retinal cells, accounting for 2% of childhood cancers.

Scotoma

An area of reduced or lost vision in the visual field.

Strabismus

Misalignment of the eyeballs, resulting in double vision.

Tinnitus

A ringing, roaring, or clicking sensation in the ears.

Tonometer

An instrument for measuring intraocular pressure.

Trachoma

A serious form of conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, leading to blindness.

Vertigo

A sensation of spinning or movement, often associated with nausea.

Convergence

Medial/nasal movement of eyes with vision to focus on something coming close

Accommodation

Change in lens shape for instance lens gets thicker to see something near or lens get thinner to see something in the distance

Refraction

Bending of light when. It passes through a transparent solid/liquid

Presmyopia

Elder eye which is the loss of pliability lens that occurs with aging the lens doesn’t change as well

Hypermytropia/hyperopia

Far sightedness because they have shortened eyeball and thinner lens

Myopia

Near sightedness because they have an elongated eyeball with thicker lens

Pinna/Oracle ( external ear)

Elastic cartilage structure

External auditory canal ( external ear)

Lined with surrumonous glands that produce ear wax

Circular smooth muscle function in iris

Constricts the pupil

Radial smooth muscle function in iris

Dilate pupils

Iris

Interior anterior area with circular smooth muscle to constrict pupil radial smooth muscle to dilate pupil and pigment granules give color to eyes

Ciliary body

Thickest portion anteriorly

Ciliary muscle located

Smooth muscle behind colored area of eyes attached to lens by zonulous fiber

What is the colliery body comprised of

Ciliary process and ciliary muscle

Lens thinner - what type of vision

Farsightedness

Lens thicker - what type of vision

Nearsighted

What happens when ciliary muscle contracts /relaxes

It puts tension on the suspended zonulous fibers to change shape of lens

Choroid

Posterior portion that is highly vascular to nourish eye darkly pigmented to absorb light to not re reflect around

Vascular layer of eye (3)

Choroid

Cilliary body

iris

Dynamic equilibrium

Ability to detect any sudden/rapid movement in the 3-dimensional planes such as rotation, lateral movement or a combination of movements

Static equilibrium

The ability for the body to know where is my body compared to the gravity of earth such as which way is up and which way is my feet

Function of stapedius

Restricts movement of the stapes

Function of tensor tympani

Restricts the movement of the malleus

Tympanic membrane ( eardrum) ( external ear)

Pearly white connective tissue membrane

Parts of external ear (3)

Pinna/oracle

External auditory canal

Tympanic membrane ( eardrum )

Photoreceptor cell : rods

Dimlight vision

Photoreceptor cell : cones

Color vision

What photoreceptor cells are responsible for color/dimlight vision

Cones and rods

Ciliary process

Secretory portion that secretes the aqueous humor found toward front of eye area