Technology and Innovation

Technology

refers to any devices, systems or methods that has practical application.

Technology

comes from the application of existing scientific knowledge. However, there are many instances that technological discovery came before scientific know-how.

Innovation

refers to the act of introducing new ideas, devices, processes, or methods that is more creative, effective and efficient than existing ones.

Innovation

can be brought about by focused efforts through research and development activities, by chance discovery or serendipity, and even by failure

serendipity

Innovation can be brought about by focused efforts through research and development activities, by chance discovery or ???, and even by failure

Innovation

serves as the driver for growth in a field or industry and might even lead to the creation of new fields or industries.

driver for growth

Innovation serves as the ??? ?? ??? in a field or industry and might even lead to the creation of new fields or industries.

Scientific Method

gold standard used for investigating the natural world to arrive at plausible explanations to observed natural phenomenon.

Scientific Method

empirical method which involves careful observation and recording of patterns and behavior during experimentation and making generalization from such process.

PATTERN

Observation

Asking Question

Literature Search

Hypothesis Formulation

Experiment

Data Analysis

Conclusion

Observation

process usually begins with ??? which is the process of recognizing an occurrence in nature using your physical senses.

may arise from one’s experience, thoughts, and/or readings.

keen sense of observation

an important characteristic that a scientist possesses is having a ??? ??? ? ??? for the things that are happening around him/her

Asking Questions

very important to any scientific inquiry and the desire to know the answer to those questions is the driver for carrying out a scientific investigation.

Literature Search

to start answering a questions, a scientist will first carry out a thorough and careful ??? ??? in which he/she seeks the most relevant and updated related literature, which are published studies or inquiries that are already conducted and have significant bearing to the phenomenon that one is interested with.

already known

The review of related literature will tell you the things that are ??? ??? and the things that are still unknown about a phenomenon.

still known

The review of related literature will tell you the things that are already known and the things that are ?? ??? about a phenomenon.

Literature Search

is made so much faster with the advent of the internet but judging the most relevant literatures from a mountain of information requires critical analysis on the part of the researcher.

hypothesis

said to be an "educated guess" or a "tentative assumption" that is made to predict the outcome of an experiment.

hypothesis

should be testable and falsifiable.

testable

Hypothesis is ??? if the predicted outcome can be determined by means of variable manipulation

falsifiable

Hypothesis is ??? in the sense that it can be rejected if the resulting data from variable manipulation is contrary to the predicted outcome.

educated guess

tentative assumption

hypothesis

experiment

series of systematic actions that is performed to test a hypothesis. Any experiment should have an independent and dependent variable

independent variable

factor that you can control in the experiment

dependent variable

factor that changes according to the variable that you have manipulated.

Data Analysis

systematic and sound processing of all the obtained data to determine the over-all results of the experiment.

requires a detailed and careful processing of the data through tabular, graphical, mathematical, statistical, logical, and/or computational analysis.

Conclusion

rational confirmation or rejection of the postulated hypothesis based on the obtained results.

further observations and questions typically arise form the conclusion and the process of scientific inquiry is repeated using the iterative steps of the scientific method.

Scientific Theory

defined as a generalized coherent, and systematic idea or set of ideas that explains an observed natural phenomenon.

a theory though is not an absolute truth, as it is testable and falsifiable just like a hypothesis.

in the future, certain anomalies may prove to be unexplainable within the context of an existing theory.

scientific law

generalized rule that describes a certain phenomenon in our natural world that occurs in the same way repeatedly.

scientific law

describes and implies a cause-and-effect relationship between the observed phenomenon and do not explain the reason behind it unlike a scientific theory.

Science - Technology

Science serves as the basis of information

Technology - Science

Technology demands intensive research

Society - Science

Society demands information from science

Science - Society

Science aims to develop society

Society - Technology

Society demands innovation

Technology - Society

Technology improves the way of life

Science

Provides the information needed for technological advancements which necessitates extensive R&D activities. It seeks to advance society, and society looks to science for knowledge about our natural world.

Technology

Aims to enhance our quality of life by translating scientific knowledge into useful tools, systems, or procedures.

Advancement and Growth

Finally, the ??? ? ??? of our way of life depends on scientific knowledge and technical developments in our society.

careless and haphazard applications

???? ? ??? ??? of science and technology has also resulted in environmental degradation, societal upheavals, and man-made calamities.