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Brain Stem
The brain's life support system, controlling basic physiological processes like breathing and heart rate.
Cerebrum
The most recently evolved part of the brain, involved in thinking and reasoning.
Hindbrain
Part of the brain involved in essential survival functions, including the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.
Cerebellum
Located at the base of the brain, it coordinates fine muscle movements, balance, and some types of perception.
Midbrain
Controls movement patterns, sleep, and arousal.
Limbic System
Involved in motivation, emotion, and memory; known as the visceral brain.
Hypothalamus
Regulates body functions such as temperature, hunger, and thirst, and is involved in reward centers of the brain.
Amygdala
Controls autonomic responses associated with fear and emotional responses related to aggression.
Hippocampus
Involved in memory formation and learning.
Thalamus
Considered the brain switchboard, relaying information between various parts of the brain.
Cerebral Cortex
The outermost layer of the cerebrum involved in complex mental activities such as thinking and consciousness.
Occipital Lobe
The brain lobe responsible for processing visual information.
Temporal Lobe
Involved in hearing and memory recognition.
Parietal Lobe
Processes sensory information related to touch, vision, and sensation of body position.
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for planning, judgment, impulse control, and housing the motor cortex.
Prefrontal Cortex
Involved in executive functions like planning and decision-making; heavily associated with impulse control.
Corpus Callosum
A major pathway connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them.
Contralateral Control
The concept that sensory inputs from one side of the body are processed in the opposite hemisphere of the brain.
Hemispheric Lateralization
The greater specialization of function in one hemisphere over another.
Split Brain Patients
Individuals who have undergone a surgery to sever the corpus callosum, leading to unique perceptual and behavioral results.
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