The Living World - Biology class 11th

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Flashcards based on the chapter 'The Living World' from Biology textbook, focusing on key concepts like diversity, nomenclature, classification, and taxonomic categories.

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50 Terms

1
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What is biology?

The science of life forms and living processes.

2
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What does the living world comprise?

An amazing diversity of living organisms.

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What was a common feature of inanimate and animate objects to early man?

A sense of awe or fear.

4
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What did the description of living organisms lead to?

Detailed systems of identification, nomenclature, and classification.

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What was a major recognition from the systematic description of life forms?

The sharing of similarities among living organisms both horizontally and vertically.

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What did the revelation of all present day organisms being related lead to?

Cultural movements for conservation of biodiversity.

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Who is considered the 'Darwin of the 20th century'?

Ernst Mayr

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In what fields did Ernst Mayr's research span?

Ornithology, taxonomy, zoogeography, evolution, systematics, and the history and philosophy of biology.

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What is Ernst Mayr credited with making the central question of evolutionary biology?

The origin of species diversity.

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What definition did Mayr pioneer?

The currently accepted definition of a biological species.

11
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What are the three prizes widely regarded as the triple crown of biology?

The Balzan Prize, the International Prize for Biology, and the Crafoord Prize.

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What does biodiversity refer to?

The number and types of organisms present on Earth.

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What is nomenclature?

The standardisation of naming living organisms.

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What is identification in biology?

Knowing to what organism the name is attached to.

15
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Where are the scientific names for plants provided?

International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).

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Where are the scientific names for animals provided?

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).

17
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What does binomial nomenclature refer to?

A naming system with two components: the Generic name and the specific epithet.

18
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Who gave the binomial nomenclature system?

Carolus Linnaeus

19
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In Mangifera indica, what does Mangifera represent?

The genus.

20
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In Mangifera indica, what does indica represent?

A particular species, or a specific epithet.

21
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What language are biological names generally in?

Latin.

22
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How should handwritten biological names be indicated?

Separately underlined.

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How does the first word denoting the genus start?

With a capital letter.

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How does the specific epithet start?

With a small letter.

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What does 'Linn.' indicate in Mangifera indica Linn.?

That this species was first described by Linnaeus.

26
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What is classification?

The process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some easily observable characters.

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What is the scientific term for categories used to study organisms?

Taxa.

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What are the processes that are basic to taxonomy?

Characterisation, identification, classification and nomenclature.

29
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What is systematics?

The study of the relationships among organisms.

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What does the word 'systema' mean?

Systematic arrangement of organisms.

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What did Linnaeus use as the title of his publication?

Systema Naturae.

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What does systematics take into account?

Evolutionary relationships between organisms.

33
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What is a taxonomic category?

A part of overall taxonomic arrangement.

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What do all categories together constitute?

The taxonomic hierarchy.

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What is the lowest category for all organisms?

Species.

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What is the basic requirement to place an organism in various categories?

The knowledge of characters of an individual or group of organisms.

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What is considered as a species in taxonomic studies?

A group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities.

38
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What does the genus comprise?

A group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera.

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What is the next category after genus?

Family.

40
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How are families characterised among plants?

On the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species.

41
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What is an order in taxonomic categories?

The assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters.

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What does a class include in taxonomic categories?

Related orders.

43
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What constitutes the phylum?

Classes comprising animals like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds along with mammals.

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What is the higher category for plants instead of phylum?

Division.

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What is the highest category in the classification system of animals?

Kingdom Animalia.

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What is the highest category in the classification system of plants?

Kingdom Plantae.

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What happens to the number of common characteristics as we go higher from species to kingdom?

The number of common characteristics goes on decreasing.

48
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What are the basics of taxonomy useful for?

Agriculture, forestry, industry and in general for knowing our bio-resources and their diversity.

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What is used to assign a correct scientific name to an organism?

The binomial system of nomenclature.

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What is the term for categories/ranks in the system of classification?

Taxonomic categories or taxa.