Nutrition, Metabolism, Body Temperature Regulation Chapter 24 - Part II

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nutrition, metabolism, and regulation of body temperature as discussed in Chapter 24 - Part II.

Redox Reactions

Coupled reactions involving simultaneous transfer of electrons or entire hydrogen atoms.

Coenzymes

Organic molecules required by redox enzymes to function as hydrogen acceptors.

ATP Synthesis

The process of producing ATP through substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation.

Glycolysis

The O2-independent catabolism of glucose that occurs in the cell cytoplasm.

Krebs Cycle

A sequence of reactions in the mitochondrial matrix that produces ATP, CO2, NADH, and FADH2.

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group to ADP from a Pi donor substance.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A process that occurs in mitochondria, involving an electron transport chain and ATP production.

Glycogenesis

The process of converting glucose into glycogen when cellular ATP needs are exceeded.

Glycogenolysis

The process of converting glycogen back into glucose in response to low blood glucose.

Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as pyruvate and glycerol.

Lipogenesis

The conversion of excess dietary carbohydrates into triglycerides for storage.

Lipolysis

The breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids, typically during periods of low blood sugar.

Transamination

The transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to another, generating a keto acid.

Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia.

Ketoacidosis

A metabolic state characterized by the accumulation of ketone bodies due to excessive breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids.