International history unit 1 timeline dates and definitions of each thing :(

Opening of the Suez Canal

November 1867

What was the Suez Canal?

It was a canal that linked the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea across Egyptian territory.

Purpose of the Suez Canal

The Suez Canal allowed European ships to travel from India and the Far East quickly and cost-effectively.

Why did Britain take control of Egypt?

Britain took control of Egypt to secure the Suez Canal. Egypt had an unstable government that threatened the trading route.

The First Boer War

December 1880 - March 1881

What was the Boer Wars

A war between the Boer people and Britain.

When did Imperial Expansion occur mainly

16th, 17th, 18th centuries

Why Did the Boer Wars occur?

The Boers resented British Ruling, Britain took Dominance over them, for example, They made English the primary language there and they also imposed a new tax system, and even abolished slavery.

What was the Effect of Britain taking over Egypt

Other European Countries Rushed to takeover Africa.

An example of an excuse for Why European countries rushed for Africa

France: Jules Ferry said in 1884: “We need Colonies Or France Will Fall behind”

An example of an excuse for Why European countries rushed for Africa 2

Germany: Fredrick Friedrich Fabri Said in 1879: “Colonies Provided Resources and National Pride”

What was the Great trek?

Boers leaving ape Colony between 1835 - 1840 and moved east. The areas they settled in Became Transvaal and Orange Free State.

Anglo-Zulu War what was it?

A war between the British and Zulu people in South Africa. Occurred from resentment towards British Expansionism.

Why did the First Boer War specifically begin?

Britain forcefully took possession of the Transvaal and the Free Orange State. After the Zulu war, the Boers rebelled against Britain.

Who Won the 1st Boer War?

The Boers were victorious.

Pretoria Convention

Signed on August 3rd 1881, this Peace Treaty ended the first Boer war.

What did the Pretoria convention do?

It restored self-government to the Boers, however, Britain still had military in the region protecting it from foreign interventions.

Treaty Of Berlin

February 1885

What was the Berlin Conference?

It was a conference to regulate European imperialism and trade in Africa. The goal was to prevent conflicts occurring between European Nations competing.

Who organized the Berlin Conference?

Otto Van Bismark, German Chancellor

What did the Treaty of Berlin Encompass? (February 26th 1885)

Free passage should be given to all ship son the Niger and Congo Rivers giving access to African land

Slavery should be abolished.

Treaty of Shimonoseki

April 1895 (Dropped in 1952 with Treaty of Taipei Signing)

Which countries were involved in the Treaty of Shimonoseki?

Japan and China

What did the Shimonoseki Treaty (April 1895) follow

It followed after Japan’s victory in the first Sino-japanese war.

What were the Terms of the Shimonoseki Treaty (April 1895)

Japan was able to take control of Port Arthur.

What was the importance of Port Arthur

China fortified it during the 1880s because of its strategic location. It was an ice-free port on the Pacific coast. Japan Seized it during the 1st Sino-Japanese war.

Why Did Russia want Port Arthur

It was an ice-free port that could allow Russia to expand its trading interests in the Far East.

Why did Japan give Port Arthur back to China

The triple Intervention

What was the triple intervention

Russia, with France and Germany’s help, pressured Japan into giving Port Arthur back to China.

Why Did France support Russia?

Out of fear of diplomatic pressure and to honor the alliance it formed with Russia in 1894

Why Did Germany Help Russia?

In exchange for Russian Support for Germany’s own imperial ambitions.

What happened after The Japanese government gave Port Arthur back to China?

Russia occupied the Liaodong Peninsula and took control of Port Arthur

What could be thought of the intentions of the '“Triple Intervention”

The triple Intervention Included France, Germany, and Russia. These 3, along with Britain exploited China’s weak state. The countries had no intention to help China, only gain resources from them. This was an act of selfishness, as well as greed and exploitation.

Jameson Raid

December 1895- January 1896

What was the Jameson Raid?

An attempted invasion led by Leander Starr Jameson. This was under the influence of British Expansionist ambitions encouraged by Cecil Rhodes.

Paul Kruger

President of the Transvaal In South Africa

Why Did the Jameson Raid (December 1895- January 1896) Fail?

British Settlers never originally rebelled against Paul Kruger. This caused the raid to be unjustified. Even so, Jameson led his troops into the Transvaal only to be forced out by the Boers.

What was the reaction to this failed raid/invasion?

European countries criticized Britain for invading a ‘baby nation’. Some countries, like Germany, went as far as to congratulate The Transvaals for driving Jameson’s Forces out. (January 3rd 1896)

Kruger Telegram

January 3rd 1896

Why did Kaiser Wilhelm II send Paul Kruger a telegram?

To congratulate him on defeating British forces.

What was the effect of the Kruger Telegram?

The Kruger Telegram implied that Germany was in support of the Boers; causing tensions between Britain and Germany.

What was Germany’s secret intentions behind the telegram

By sending this telegram, Germany makes itself look better in the eyes of foreign nations (It could gain support from other South African regions )

Germany wanted to isolate Britain; by sending the telegram, the nations opinion of Britain falls.

Spanish - American War

April 1898 - August 1898