Ch. 8.1 Memory

Memory

The persistance of learning over time through the encoding, storgare and retrieval of the info

Recall

Measure of memory in retrieving info learned earlier

Recognition

Measure of memory in identifying items previously learned

Relearning

Measure of memory in learning a previously learned material again

Encoding

Processing info into the memory system

Storage

The process of retaining encoded information over time

Retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Parallel processing

Processing multiple aspects of a problem simultaneously

Sensory memory

Immediate and very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system

Short-term memory

Activated memory that hold a few items briefly

Long-term memory

Relatively permanent and limitless storehous of the memory system

Working memory

Newer understanding of STM that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming info and retrieved from LTM

Explicit memory

Memory of facts and experiences that one consiously know and declare

Effortful processing

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Automatic processing

Unconscious encoding of incidental info

Implicit memory

Retention of learned skils or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

Ionic memory

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimula lasting no more that a few tenths of a second

Echoic memory

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli that can be recalled within 3 or 4 second

Chunking

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units

Mnemonics

Techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Spacing effect

Tendency for distributed study or practie to yield better long-term retention

Testing effect

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather simply rereading info

Shallow processing

Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words

Deep processing

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words